Relationship between humans and nature Essay

Marlowe in his poem ‘The passionate shepherd to his love’ talks of the strong link between humans and the nature that surrounds them. The poem from beginning to the end talks mainly of the nature that surrounds us wherever we go. The poem makes us understand that we are actually dependent on nature for all our needs. The nature in its splendor is so beautiful that Marlowe has actually united with the environment. The poem captures the joy of love, in the midst of nature. In fact reading the poem makes one wonder, if the natural splendor that surrounded Marlowe when he wrote the poem, was the reason for his love to flow like a river. Nature makes one forget about the present. In fact, it makes us forget all about ourselves and become one with nature as we enjoy and be part of the beauty that surrounds us in all its glory. Marlowe in this poem talks more of the nature that surrounds him and less about his love. The poem talks of the quiet simplicity of rural life and how humans are part of nature. There is no way of separating humans from nature. The humans are dependent on nature for their very existence. The nature is dependent on humans to be admired and glorified. The human dependence on nature is highlighted by the fact that Marlowe is sitting upon a rock. He wants to make a bed of roses; wool for a coat from the lambs, buckles for the slippers from gold, a belt of straw, the list goes on. Marlowe by writing this poem has made the readers understand the relationship between humans and nature. Annie Dillard in ‘Sojourner’ talks of the Earth in its entire splendor. She talks of the mangrove tree that floats and becomes like an island in a sense. She rediscovers the magic of nature and how it can be viewed in a beautiful sense. People ordinarily will not give a second thought to a tree floating. She magnifies the significance and projects a simple natural event into something extraordinary. In fact Annie Dillard brings to life the mangrove tree that is all but dead. A tree that has no life has been brought to life with her words. When Dillard talks about the mangrove tree, she actually means the Earth and its movements. She tells that Earth is a sojourner, creating its own path and moves in a path that cannot be followed by any other thing on Earth. She tells that Earth is a wet ball thrown into eternity and humans are part of this. We the humans and nature have united to become one. She ends with a question asking what will happen at the end of the journey. The mangrove tree will finally end up in the Ocean. So where do the Earth and the humans living on it finally end up, is a question left unanswered. Mangroves play a major role in the essay by Annie Dillard. She uses the tree to show the human nature. The mangrove starts from scratch and builds a strong foundation. The human nature and relationships are similar. We all start from scratch and build many strong relationships as we grow. Some who are not able to make any relationships are like the mangrove tree felled by the hurricane, being tossed and not knowing the final destination. Annie Dillard unites with nature and is part of it. She talks of the Earths movement in words that make a person imagine and feel the true aura of nature. She has merged the human nature and the nature to be examples of each other.

Community: Sharing One Skin

The Okanagan people, also spelled Okanogan, are a First Nations and Native American people whose traditional territory spans the U. S. -Canada boundary in Washington state and British Columbia. (Wiki, 2011) Known in their own language as the Syilx, they are part of the Interior Salish ethnological and linguistic groupings, the Okanagan are closely related to the Spokan, Sinixt, Nez Perce, Pend Oreille, Shuswap and Nlaka'pamux peoples in the same region. Wiki, 2011) When the Oregon Treaty partitioned the Pacific Northwest in 1846, the portion of the tribe remaining in what became Washington Territory reorganized under Chief Tonasket as a separate group from the majority of the Okanagans, whose communities remain in Canada. (Wiki, 2011) The Okanagan Tribal Alliance, however, also incorporates the American branch of the Okanagans, who are part of the Confederated Tribes of the Colville, a multi-tribal government in Washington State. Wiki, 2011) The bounds of Okanagan territory are roughly the Basin of Okanagan Lake and the Okanagan River, plus the basin of the Similkameen River to the west of the Okanagan valley, and some of the uppermost valley of the Nicola River. (Wiki, 2011) The various Okanagan communities in British Columbia and Washington form the Okanagan Nation Alliance, a border-spanning organization which includes American-side Okanogans resident in the Colville Indian Reservation, where the Okanagan people are sometimes known as Colvilles. Wiki, 2011) A group of Okanagan people in the Nicola Valley, which is at the northwestern perimeter of Okanagan territory, are known in their dialect as the Spaxomin, and are joint members in a historic alliance with neighboring communities of the Nlaka'pamux in the region known as the Nicola Country, which is named after the 19th Century chief who founded the alliance, Nicola. (Wiki, 2011) This alliance today is manifested in the Nicola Tribal Association. As in the reading, you can imagine how spiritual and well-being play a huge role in their culture. Every word in their ulture has a very important meaning for their way of life. Jeannette Armstrong refers to her culture and the word â€Å"Okanagan† in a lot of deep and emotional depth. Armstrong explains the word Okanagan comes from a whole understanding of what they are as human beings. They can identify each other through that word in their interaction, prayer, and they identify there selves as human as well, different from birds trees and animals. The first part of the word refers to the physical realm. The second part of the word refers to the dream or the dream state, but Okanagan doesn’t precisely mean â€Å"dream. It actually means â€Å"the unseen part of our existence as human beings. † They are dream memory and imagination. The third part of the word means that if you take a number of strands, hair, or twine, place them together and then rub your hands and bind them together, they become one strand. Use this thought symbolically when you make a rope, twine, or weave a basket. They are tied into a part of everything. â€Å"I know my position and my responsibilities for that specific location and geographic area, which is how I introduce myself. The Okanagan people identify there selves as four main capacities that operate together: the physical self, the emotional self, the thinking-intellectual self, and the spiritual self. The Okanagan people teach that each person is born into a family and a community. No person is born isolated from those two things. As an Okanagan you are automatically accepted. You belong. You are them. Wouldn’t this be nice in our current society here in the U. S. The Okanagan refer to relationships with others using a word that means â€Å"our one skin. This means that they share more than a place; they share a physical tie that is uniquely human, that the many that became before the Okanagan and the many ahead of the Okanagan share their flesh. Community comes first, then family and finally the individual. This is interesting to me. Do you think we as a population have this line of thinking? I would have to say a big percent of us think of ourselves in this society. Indigenous people, not long removed from their cooperative, self-sustaining lifestyles on their lands do not survive well in this atmosphere of aggression and dispassion. The Okanagan word they have for extended family is translated as â€Å"sharing one skin. † The concept refers to blood ties within community and extends the instinct to protect our individual selves to all who share the same skin. Armstrong knows how powerful the solidarity is of peoples bound together by land, blood, and love. This is the largest threat to interests wanting to secure control of lands and resources that have been passed on in a healthy condition from generation to generation of families. Armstrong goes on to saying she is pessimistic about changes happening; the increase of crimes, worldwide disasters, total anarchy, and the possible increase of stateless oligarchies; borders are disappearing, and true sustainable economies are crumbling. However, she has learned that crisis can help build community so that it can face the crisis itself. Since time immemorial, the history of the Okanagan began, long before the arrival of the Europeans. They are the Syilx-speaking people – the original inhabitants of a vast and beautiful territory that encompasses forests, grasslands, lakes and desert. For thousands of years, the Okanagan people were self-reliant and well provided for through their own ingenuity and use of the land and nature. They lived united as a nation with a whole economy, travelling the breadth and depth of their territory, hunting and fishing, growing and harvesting, crafting and trading to meet their needs. Since reading this chapter of the Okanagan people, I have learned a lot about these very fascinating people. I also believe if every culture was like the Okanagan people, our planet would be a much peaceful, spiritual, and well respected place.

Personal Characteristics of Nick Thomas, Charles Henry, and Chairman Lup In Wisdom Sits in Places

The significance of place-names is compounded in the personal characteristics of Nick Thompson, Charles Henry, and Chairman Lup. Although their personal characteristics differ significantly in terms of attitudes and approach to reality, their behavioral orientation are relatively the same. The subscription to a single set of norms (the rules attached to the place-names) ensures a relatively predictable pattern of behavior from the three characters.Hence, one can assume that the behavioral orientation of the three characters stemmed not from their intrinsic characteristics but rather to their personal interpretations of ‘reality. Here, reality takes the form of adjunctive reference to the past, the legacy of place-names. There is a need, however, to look into the personal characteristics (behavioral) of the characters to provide credence to the above-mentioned proposition. Charles is a traditionalist, an individual who clings to the general beliefs and rules of ancient customs. His minimal exposure to the vagrancies of modern life did not affect his behavioral orientation towards customs and tradition. In fact, most of his actions indicate a persona that embraces the beauty and glorious existence of place-names.In page 10 of the book, Charles said to Mosley: What he’s doing isn’t right. It’s not good. He seems to be in a hurry. Why is he in a hurry? It’s disrespectful. Our ancestors made this name. They made it just as it is. They made it for a reason. They spoke it first, a long time ago! He’s repeating the speech of our ancestors. He doesn’t know that. Tell him he’s repeating the speech of our ancestors. Charles’ obsession with mental images and speeches of his ancestors created a personal impression of sturdiness in his character.He refuses to allow changes that will affect his beliefs on place-names. Nick Thompson behavioral orientation is similar to that of Charles Henry. An old man who delighted in telling humorous and often embarrassing stories, his expression is quite mischievous and intimidating. In the tribe though, he is known as the true â€Å"Slim Coyote. † Thompson’s character can be described in four words: serious, generous, intelligent, and outspoken. In anthropology, the character of Nick Thompson exemplifies the character of an ideal elder who teaches the younger generation the essence of existence.In page 43 of the book, he said, â€Å"Start with the names. I will teach you like before. Come back tomorrow morning†¦ White men need paper maps. We have maps on our minds. † Due reference again is made to the highly revered place-names. The Western Apache’s reverence to place-names are generally rooted from the historical value of the place-names themselves. This historical value is imbued in the personal beliefs of every Apache. It can be said that Nick Thompson, by virtue of his age, has strong personal attachment to this histori cal value.In fact, his understanding bear more influence to his behavioral orientation than his actual belief in the place-names themselves. His motto in life is: â€Å"Learn the names† (a deep understanding of the place-names). Chairman Lup’s character is generally similar to that of Thompson. His obsession with stories about place-names is the primary foundation of his behavioral orientation. For the most, an understanding of his character forces one to assume that he is a strict traditionalist. His personal belief about place-names is actually greater than Charles Henry and almost equal to that of Nick Thompson.

The Role Of Nursing In The Solutions Of The Smoking Issues Research Paper

The Role Of Nursing In The Solutions Of The Smoking Issues - Research Paper Example The reason behind the selection of the hospital is that the healthcare centers in the US are notified to have vast diversion and a large number of subjects, which can provide an opportunity to put quality care to the individuals available herein. In relation to this particular research study, sampling method will be selected as the approach for the data collection to ensure reliability and validity by enduring the research in the real environment with reference to data collected from the selected participants. Moreover, in order to conduct the research and address the importance of nursing education in smoking cessation, the template will be designed in order to input all the necessary information of individuals habituated to smoking. In this regard, as affirmed above, different healthcare centers will be selected for ascertaining the research objectives. The particular research study aims towards promoting education in the individuals who are addicted to smoking cessation and assist them by presenting valuable information regarding the various ill effects of such habit. Thus, the questionnaire survey will be conducted for the sample size of 200 individuals, which will include 100 in the study group and 100 in the control group from different healthcare centers of the US. The fundamental reason behind utilizing this approach, as the methodology to collect data was to draw appropriate conclusions in alignment to the aforesaid aim of the research. Moreover, in order to derive the ultimate research aims, certain questions regarding age, gender, marital status, education level, the period since they are addicted to smoke and any education sessions attended or not will be framed. Nevertheless, this data will significantly assist in providing a detailed view of the way they perceived education.

Project and Change Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project and Change Management - Assignment Example Break Even Point Indeed, in talking about break even point, reference is being made to that time in the investment process when a balance can be reached in either making a profit or a los (Chen, and Chung, 2009). Subsequently, gain must equal loss at this point so that the marginal level of profit can be 0 on a normative scale. Noting that in our present scenario the capital injection will not be added into finding the break even point, it is important to mention however that the opportunity cost of the capital shall be accounted for. This way, the break even point can be said to be that time in the investment when gains from reduced cost of labor and increases in gross revenue per year is equated to the sum of all the expenditure cost. Should the project be accepted for financing? Generally, a project is worth accepting for financing if the cost of the capital injection is relatively less than the internal rate of return. In other words, the internal rate of return ought to be great er than the capital for the investment to be accepted as viable. To this end, as the quoted net present value on the investment has been found to be 572968 whiles the initial capital is 450,050, it can be said that the project should be accepted for financing. Question 2: Earned Value Management – Project monitoring and controlling 1. Based on the 0-100% rule, please calculate the following: a. CPI and SPI and explain what the values mean. [4 pts] The CPI strikes a ratio between the expected value and the actual value. In this present situation, the expected values are represented by the planned cost. Subsequently, CPI = ?Planned Cost/?Actual Cost = 3600/3400 = 1.06 Value for SPI is calculated based on the period for which activities that been completed according to the 100%. In this direction, SPI = Expected Value / Present Value = 600+1200+400+400)/(600+1200+400+400) = 2600/2600 = 1 b. Estimated cost at completion for the deck project

What are the Similarities and Differences Between a Racial Group and Essay

What are the Similarities and Differences Between a Racial Group and an Ethnic Group - Essay Example The only conspicuous differences that appear to the naked eye are due to the differences between males and females. Broadly speaking, the entire animal kingdom is very homogenous. Biologists who refute the claim that races are based on morphological features claim that the assumption that human races are based on anatomical traits is false. They claim that anatomical traits do not cluster distinct groups of people. It is further explained that some human races appear the way they do because of the natural environment surrounding them. for instance, in areas near the tropical latitudes, there are people with darker skin color to protect them from sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation. Thus, the dark brown skin color is primarily found amongst the Africans and the Indian subcontinent. However, the popularly held belief is otherwise. As it, goes-Racial groups are thus based on the biological classification of people. This classification could be according to human features, skin co lor or other morphological features. One is automatically classified by virtue of external forces into a racial group. One does not have any control over the racial group that becomes one’s identity. Racial groupings and concept of race have been a very controversial topic because of its ability to influence the social hierarchy of the society. Ethnicity on the other hand also incorporates the social characteristics of an individual within the society that he lives in. Some of the social characteristics that are a premise of ethnic classification include one’s language, culture, religion, tradition, tribe, and nationality. The race is externally assigned by the people around us. However, ethnicity is not externally assigned to other people. Ethnicity is the onus of an individual; however, he wants to go about it. It is apparently a conglomeration of humans who have similar cultural characters and follow the same religious faith.

Marketing - Explain and Evaluate Porter's 'five forces' model Essay

Marketing - Explain and Evaluate Porter's 'five forces' model - Essay Example This model has become widely known, discussed and applied to various markets or industries. Porter’s Five Forces Model attempts to explain the forces which operate in the market with a potential to reduce the profitability of a firm as a result of the interests of various actors which are a part of the market, or who interact with the industry. Although consideration of Porter’s Five Forces model is essential for any analysis related to an industry or a market, the model also presents some limitations when it is used for the analysis of dynamic, global markets in which fast innovation, technology change and a rapid change of players has come to be accepted. This essay presents an explanation of Michael Porter’s Five Forces Model and examines some of the model’s limitations. Existing industries and those players who are about to enter a market, as well as the investors who want to make an investment in an industry need to understand the competitor dynamics associated with the industry or market. Such an understanding is necessary for the assessment of the potential investment opportunities associated with a venture so as to provide a better assessment of the returns which can be expected, sound business or strategic planning and how the products or services which are being offered by an industry player may be differentiated or enhanced from what is being offered by the competitors. Various models have been offered to assist with such an analysis including the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats or SWOT model, Igor Ansoff’s Gap Analysis model, the resource based model and Michael Porter’s Five Forces Model (Porter, 1998) and (Quick MBA, 2005). Michael Porter’s Five Forces Model is one of the most popular and respected model which attempts to provide a greater understanding of the business environment of the industry and its relative attractiveness. The

Course Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Course - Assignment Example Just due to personal choice, the researcher has selected evolution of Information Technology (IT) as the predictor for productivity. Horzella (37-53) pointed out that integration of IT has increased the productivity through four way mechanisms, 1- bring order to data management and streamlined the process flow, 2- increase the efficiency of communicating of information to stakeholders, 3- minimizing the possibility of committing human errors and human intervention and 4- due to exposure of technology, consumer surplus or perceived value of consumers has increased and companies have started giving importance in increasing production quality to satisfy the value perceptions of consumers. Horzella (37-53) pointed out that productivity of a system is dependent on three factors such as gathering the input, processing the input and producing the output. IT has integrated information of these three steps simultaneously and such integration is the key reason behind increase in productivity. Question 2 Sulek, Marucheck and Lind (711-27) stated that process flow in restaurant is directly related to steps in the operation process. The transformation model in restaurant can be depicted in the following fashion. In case of restaurants, inputs are the raw food materials, vegetables, meat, papers for creating menu card, lights, decoration materials etc. Restaurant itself is a product and architectures, ambience, decoration; seating arrangement is part of the service mix of restaurants. In case of transformation, three types of resources are being processed in restaurant such as, 1- material resources and physical raw material inputs, 2- information about the product quality or service delivery is being processed and 3- requirement of customers also gets processed through the service cycle. In case of restaurants, outputs include food service, catering, visual treatment and goods such as food and beverages. In restaurants, feedback information is being used to control quality of the operational system. For example, a customer might complain about the hardness of potato to waiter and the waiter sends the feedback to chef and based on the feedback, the chef might change the potato in order to offer better dining experience to patron. Question 3 Sulek, Marucheck and Lind (711-27) and other researchers pointed out that the service and manufacturing industry is going through the transition phase and companies are trying to integrate all the data points in cost effective manner. Converting the manual process into more efficient through system automation is not only becoming a trend but also giving options to companies to bank on it order to increase productivity. In such context, I believe that IT is reaching its maturity stage in terms of affecting global and national productivity. Careful consideration of the research works of Horzella (37-53) reveals the fact that conjoint implementation of IT and online transformation can influence the productivity up to a great extent. Hence, according to me, three verticals such as system automation, online transformation and data management & big data analytics are going to be the â€Å"next big thing† in the field of productivity management. Companies are developing complex production systems which run on information and data feeding and in many cases, data set for running the productivity system becomes so large and complex that normal computer program

A REPORT ON RELEVANT ASPECTS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT ON A PROPOSED Essay

A REPORT ON RELEVANT ASPECTS OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT ON A PROPOSED RESTAURANT AT NOSTOVIA AIRPORT - Essay Example 3). Hence, supply chain management is the strategic, systemic coordination of the traditional business functions alongside the tactics across these business functions for the purposes of improving the long-term performance of the individual companies as well as the supply chain as a whole (Hugos 2006, p. 3). Supply chain involves the networks of companies working together and coordinating their actions in order to deliver a product to a market. It acknowledges and applies traditional logistics and includes activities such as new product development, marketing, finance, and customer service. Supply chain management views the supply chain in an organisation as a single entity, and brings the system approach in managing the diverse activities needed to coordinate the flow of services and products in order to serve the customers (Hugos 2006, p. 4). The proposed restaurant needs to structure a plan. This refers to all the operations needed in planning and organising the operations. Three operations in this category are demand forecasting, product pricing, and inventory management. As the proposed restaurant needs planning, it also needs sourcing. Source includes the necessary activities in acquiring the inputs to create products or services. Two operations are involved here, particularly (1) procurement and (2) operation, credit, and collection. Procurement is the acquisition of materials and services, while operation, credit, and collection can be literally thought of as the acquisition of cash (Hugos 2006, p. 45). "Making" as a category includes the operations required in developing and building the products and services provided by a supply chain. Operations in this category involve product design, production management, and facility of management (Hugos 2006, p. 45). On the other hand, "Delivering" as a supply chain category encompasses the activities that include receiving customer orders and delivering products to customers. The operations that constitute the core connections between companies in a supply chain are management, product delivery, and return processing (Hugos 2006, p. 45). The illustration below best describes the coordination among Planning, Sourcing, Making, and Delivering (Hugos 2006, p. 45), which will be applied to the proposed restaurant at the New Nostovia Airport: Supplier Strategy Supplier strategy is one aspect of the establishment of the new restaurant business that needs immediate attention. This involves decisions on how suppliers are selected and how relationships with them are developed (Galloway, et al. 2000, p. 46). It is also concerned with how the operation monitors suppliers' performance as well as improvement of these performances. Recommendations in Respect of Perishable Foodstuffs With Short Shelf Life A guaranteed supply of fresh high quality food is crucial to maintain a chain's reputation in the restaurant business (Galloway, et al. 2000, p. 46). The freshness and quality of perishable foodstuffs with short shelf life is affected by the manner they were handled during the harvests,

Is Adorno being elitist when he criticises the culture industry Essay

Is Adorno being elitist when he criticises the culture industry - Essay Example ts came from educated-in-elite-school-system Germans such as Schopenhauer, Martin Luther, Immanuel Kant, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Bach, Beethoven and Goethe. There was a point in time where the German elite formed the main part of the intelligentsia. â€Å"The Germans are literary people. The country is after all das Land der Dichter und Denker, the land of poets and thinkers.† (Wasser, 2006) To understand whether Theodore Adorno in his criticism of art, music and culture was guided by the moralist, egalitarian, capitalist or totalitarian stance, this paper will focus on Adorno’s biography and his contributions to the development of the culture industry as well as his critical views on music and popular culture. For the purpose of clarity and space, Adorno’s early works (1941-1941) will be used as reference to build the entire paper. In 1903 in Frankfurt, Germany, Theodore Adorno opened his eyes to an affluent and educated family. Both â€Å"his mother and sister were accomplished musicians and it was from them that he received his initial training and encouragement in his life-long love for music† (Jay, 1973). His Jewish roots ultimately became the deciding factor in his philosophical writings and thoughts, especially after Hitler’s totalitarian regime and the Nazi Holocaust swept over Germany with millions of Jews persecuted under it. During this time, Adorno was forced into exile and spent the next 16 years of his life in England and the US before returning to Germany to complete his doctorate in Philosophy from Frankfurt University. Adorno’s position on culture and the music industry has managed to establish key influences in the domain of media studies. His ideas about these industries were critical and in some cases, pessimistic. Adorno analyses the dynamics of the culture industry in the context of ‘standardization’ underlining it as a fundamental characteristic of pop music. He quotes himself: â€Å"A clear judgment concerning the

How Laughter Works Essay Example for Free

How Laughter Works Essay The essay that I chose from the book was the one by Marshall Brain â€Å"How Laughter Works†. I chose to write about this essay because this one is more in depth of where laughter actually comes from how its more than just jokes that people laugh at every day. Start off with a dash of sarcasm and a dash of vulgarity. At least that’s what my friends and I do. Laughter is a form of enjoyment towards one another. Means we are remotely comfortable to be openly laughing at something. Laughter is defined as â€Å"A voluntary reaction to certain external or internal stimuli.† It is also most commonly considered a visual expression of a number of positive emotional states such as joy, mirth, happiness, relief etc. Laughter usually occurs when one is comfortable to be around another person. Researchers believe that the purpose of laughter is related to making and strengthening human connections. A psychological study showed that laughter has its own name gelotology. Gelotology is from the Greek word â€Å"gelos† meaning laughter. Brain mentions people that are ticklish often wonder â€Å"Why can’t I tickle myself?† In order for tickling to work the brain needs tension and surprise. Obviously when you try to tickle yourself you know its coming so the brain does not react to you tickling yourself. But if someone starts to tickle you, your brain has that surprise and then you tense up. This made sense to me but not completely. Laughter also benefits one’s health and fight disease. The purpose of laughter is to relieve ourselves from stress of everyday life and laughter also increases our white blood cells and our immune system. Laughter releases endorphin which is the body’s natural pain killer and so is a pleasant act, producing a general feeling of well-being. Mental health professionals are suggesting â€Å"laughter therapy†, which teaches the patients to laugh at things that are not usually funny. It also helps the patients cope with difficult situations. Laughter just in general makes anyone feel great about one ’s self. Laughter is considered one of the best medic ations. Laughter predates human speech by millions of years, scientists think. It likely evolved as an early form of communication to help people negotiate group dynamics and establish hierarchy. Laughter nowadays is a form of expression. We rarely laugh when we are by ourselves but when we are with other people we laugh more out loud. People usually laugh at anything that they find humorous, even other people for the most part. For instance, The Darwin awards are stories about people who Brain mentions people make careers based on laughter, like comedians. No matter where you go, what city you visit, more than likely there will be a comedy club somewhere in that town. Or you can just go to the local bar and find amusement there. Comedy is also found on television. You can watch your daily dose of Scrubs or Friends and get your endorphins flowing. Laughter always helps other people get people out of a funk that they are in, laughter is contagious. When someone laughs it triggers circuits in our brains then a grin appears which makes more laughter happen. Brain said that depending on age, we laugh about different things. Like if you were a pre-teen in your teenage years basically they laugh at anything mentioning sex, peers, and food and authority figures. As you mature our taste in what we think is funny changes. As we get into adulthood, they usually joke about something less judgmental and more on specific things like referring to movies or plays etc. Brain made me think hard about this. As I read about the pre-teens and teenage years I was thinking what I joked about during that time, and he’s right. Even as we mature we joke around but our jokes now are not like what we used to joke about as kids. I never really thought about it until I read it in this essay. Brain also mentions researchers say that people often store their negative emotions of anger and sadness and fear rather than talking about it someone. Laughter releases all of that built up stress of keeping all of those emotions in. If we start to laugh too much or too hard we start to burst out into tears. Not in a bad way but a good way. This triggers our emotions and the tears are just squeezed out because we scrunch our face when we laugh. When we laugh harder it makes our body want to release some hormones, which are found in tears. The higher the hormones in the tears means the more you have stress. In this essay I believe Brain gave a lot of detailed information and actually made it an easy read. Going through I noticed Brain categorized every section so you knew what you were reading about and not confused about jumping from one subject to another. I did do some more research to verify and find something new on the subjects. Like how laughter was a form of communication 10 million years ago and how laughter is contagious, but I think everyone knows about that one. In Brains’ essay I have learned pretty much everything there is to know on laughter. Where it comes from, what we laugh at, and how it affects our health. I know we laugh about more than just jokes but I had no idea it helps our health. Basically laughter is a cure for anything nowadays. References Brain, M.(2009). How laughter works In , W.H Thelin (Ed.), Writing without Formulas (pp.428-435 ). Mason,OH ; Cengage Learning. Reflective Letter The essay I chose to do a critique on was â€Å"How Laughter Works† by Marshall Brain. This essay grabbed my attention because as I just skimmed the pages deciding which one I was going to read, this essay was very well organized and just by the titles of the sections it was very in depth. This essay was a good read in my eyes. If readers want to know basically the history of laughter or where it comes from, then I would suggest this to any reader. My main point of my essay is basically highlighting all the sections that Brain had wrote about. Brain fascinated me with all the in depth information about the brain itself and the functions of laughter. I believe the audience that would be interested in reading my paper are people who might have thought Brains’ essay was too long for them to read or basically someone who enjoys information more than just reading something to get a laugh out of it. Brains’ essay was filled with information basically over flowing, and I just highlighted some of the main points that he talked about in each section. As I read Brains’ essay, I took notes but I typed them so I could start paragraphs from them. I also did research on some of his topics that interested me , like the section of the brain where laughter or emotion comes from. At the beginning of writing my paper basically I had all these paragraphs typed but not in order, I just type what comes to mind. I then would read over all the paragraphs and try and make sense of them and put them in order. I then went through and edited the paragraphs that needed to be edited.

Lessons in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Lessons in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay Pride and Prejudice is one of the most popular novels written by Jane Austen which was first published in 1813. It is more than a story of love which revolves around the lives of the Bennett family and the wealthy male visitors of Hertfordshire. Its wide variety of personalities in the story contributed to the novel’s attractive and compelling features; which provides several realizations to its readers and their view of social class, marriage and women status in the 19th century which can be attributed to each character’s personality. The Women and Men of the 19th Century The theme towards courtship and marriage is already explicitly stated in the first sentence of the novel. â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledge that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife† (p. 3). In this initial sentence, Austen prepares the readers on what to expect. There is a big probability that the story will revolve in a fascinating chase: either a husband in search of a wife or a woman in pursuit of a husband. Marriage during 18th century was different compared to how marriage is viewed nowadays. It was a challenging and debatable social issue since marriage with love was not a necessity. At that time, marriage consisted of rules and standards that often ignore emotions or feelings. Moreover, community and family were major participants in establishing marriage. From that first sentence, considering the time the novel was created, the readers would expect a witty tone towards marriage and society The novel also portrayed several characters that are stereotypical in the 19th century. The diverse personalities of each character reveals how the era was like for the author and how the status of people were determined through their wealth, fame and gender. Apparently, the primary lesson that this novel has for its readers is the fact that in the past love was not a necessary element of marriage. Women were usually seen as mere wives for men. Nonetheless, in Austen’s story, she made use of Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy’s conflicting characters to refuse the kind of stereotypical 19th century setting that the novel was set in. The two major characters, Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy, were clearly different kinds of people who later proved themselves to be the ideal match for each other. Clearly, the transformation of Elizabeth and Darcy’s characters were made possible by their own pride and prejudices against each other. This fact, therefore, illustrates the idea that the character transformation would most likely not occur without the shortcomings and hasty judgments of the two main characters of the Jane Austen’s famous novel. It was quite ironic though that the novel also conveys the idea that people do fall in love under the most unexpected circumstances. There is a short line expressed by the female protagonist Elizabeth Bennett which can be considered somewhat explanatory of the whole novel. â€Å"Books—oh!  No. I am sure we never read the same, or not with the same feelings† (p. 82). This is Elizabeth Bennett’s response to Fitzwilliam Darcy when he asked her about her thoughts on books. They were dancing on the ball of the Netherland Estate and trying to create a conversation. Based on Elizabeth’s response and her quick dismissals of the topic that Mr. Darcy brought up, her great dislike towards the wealthy young man was evident. This particular line of Elizabeth Bennett is considered an important line for the novel because it insinuates a symbolic image rather than a literal meaning for the main characters in the story. Her remark about how the topic of books would not be able to create a productive conversation because they probably would have not read the same book or have the same feeling towards it depicts that their personalities—similar or not—can still generate different interpretations. Even the title of the book itself can be considered characteristics that Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy both possess, which caused them to make erratic conclusions about each others’ personality. The above statement from Elizabeth depicts that the novel primarily focuses on the theme of misunderstandings, false impressions, and lapses in judgment. Thoroughly reviewing the whole context of the story, the diverse personalities of the characters are what made it possible to provide the picture of the lifestyle of English people in the 19th century. Each character is provided a characteristic that is distinct to other characters. Elizabeth Bennett, an interesting character indeed, possesses traits which are very much different from her sisters. Here is one of her statements to Darcy included in Chapter 19 where she rejects him the first time he proposed to marry her and considered to be one of the pivotal turns in the story which caused the change in both Elizabeth and Darcy’s character: I have no pretension whatever to that kind of elegance which consists in tormenting a respectable man. . . I thank you again and again for the honor you have done me in your proposals, but to accept them is absolutely impossible. . . Do not consider me now as an elegant female, intending to plague you, but as a rational creature, speaking the truth from her heart (p. 97). Elizabeth Bennett’s character speaks much of a strong personality which is extremely opinionated and bold. Unlike her younger sisters, she does not allow social status and wealth to interfere with her standards for love. However, in her statement, prejudices toward Darcy are evident for she has already judged him without knowing him well first. However, at the end of the story, she regrets having misjudged the man upon knowing the real Fitzwilliam Darcy. This theme of wrong first impression is very common in the personality of Elizabeth Bennet as she always seem to misjudge a man’s intent such as that of Darcy and Mr. Wickham. On the other hand, Darcy’s character also reveals how wrong he was on his first impression towards Elizabeth. His statement where she declared Elizabeth as tolerable but not beautiful enough to interest him because of her poor social status discloses how proud he was to avoid being acquainted with such a woman (p. 9). Similarly, he took back his word when he found out how interesting and intelligent Elizabeth was which led him to confess his feelings and offer a marriage proposal. Unfortunately, his first proposal was rejected. Upon the end of the novel, it is reasonable to conclude that Elizabeth Bennett and Fitzwilliam Darcy actually have similar characteristics which can be considered ironic. Both are intelligent, witty, opinionated, and proud. There are also instances when they have exposed acts of prejudices towards some characters in the story, primarily themselves. Elizabeth deemed Darcy to be an extremely arrogant and proud man when she accidentally heard him say that he was not interested in her due to her poor status in the society. She thought him to be a spoiled wealthy man who is unsociable and selfish. In return, Darcy also showed his prejudices towards her by thinking that she was not right for him because she belonged to the lower class part of the society. Hence, the situation indicates how their impulsive and superficial judgments of each other led them to take back their words and eradicate their pride and prejudices towards each other. They gradually transformed into humble beings who were capable of admitting and accepting their shortcomings. Thus, two people, even with similar characteristics may not have similar outputs and can still be regarded contradictory in terms of beliefs. Like the characters in the story, all have distinct personalities which enabled them to decide the way they did. If Elizabeth did not hastily judged Darcy in the first place which led her into rejecting his first marriage proposal, Darcy would not have humbled himself into further pursuing Elizabeth despite her initial rejection. He would not have rescued her family from social disgrace and reveal his true nature. Simply put, Elizabeth would not have change her opinion about Darcy and most probably reject him still. She would not have fallen in love with him and change her ways of being filled with prejudices. The following scenarios created a huge impact in the maturity and development of the characters in the story which proves that the transformation is indeed dependent on the characters’ actions and decisions. Upon understanding the difference between the main characters’ personalities, it is important to note that the focus of Darcy is to win Elizabeth’ heart to marry her. It is all about marriage from the start of the novel until the end. Austen made it really clear for women in the 19th century how big an issue it was to find someone rich and reputable to marry. Elizabeth’s mother had seemed to push them into marrying by taking them to social balls where rich men were most likely to come and select a wife. Conclusion Clearly, the arguments stated above identify the concept that Elizabeth and Darcy’s character transformation would not have been possible without their mistakes and initial false impressions of each other. This validates the fact that their development as individuals is highly rooted from their decisions and hasty judgments—or rather their own pride and prejudices. In addition, Austen’s ability to inculcate the stereotypes on the characters produced an image of the status of marriage and courtship in the 19th century. It becomes clear to the readers that there was too much consciousness and pressure on the physical attributes and reputations of women than in men. Men were more highly regarded than women as women only seem to serve as partners to men in marriage. The fact that there were balls where men can choose the women they want to marry is already an indication of the restraints that society puts on women. They are merely intended for domestic purposes only.

Biography of Chanakya (Kautilya)

Biography of Chanakya (Kautilya) INTRODUCTION â€Å"The extraordinary thoroughness of Kautilyas’s work, its eminent inductiveness and practical character, its unflinching logic, heedlessness of adventitious moral or religious standard and its wide range of subjects and interests gave it a unique combination of features..†[1] -D.R.Bhandarkar In Indian history, the centuries to come and that passed by, are recorded many great persons and legendary characters who shaped time through their extraordinary deeds and their excellence in every skill. But among of them, Kautilya may be the only one personality who has been respected and accepted as a brilliant person not only by Indian scholars but also western Scholars too. Kautilya was great political philosopher and thinker. We have been described as a great teacher, shrewd statesman, devoted patriot, deep thinker, ruthless administrator, master strategist, selfless ascetic, ideal philosopher and true saint.[2] He is called all-rounder because he got mastery in all the branches of knowledge. He was well versed in commerce, warfare, Politics, Economics and Vedas. He lived around the third century B.C. but even today his ideas and principles show relevancy and applicability in the present day society. He is a historical milestone in the making of India. Kautilya is the greatest person with wisdom and knowledge. He is regarded pioneer in the field of Economics. The credit of establishment of Mauryan Empire goes to the foresight and knowledge of Kautilya. He was a key advisor and councilor of Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of Mauryan Empire. â€Å"This empire was not merely composed of a number of unrelated districts brought together under single sceptra; it was a real unit based on common government which everywhere not only established the king’s authority but the public good.[3] Kautilya was chief architect of his rise to power so he is called kingmaker too. A man full of vision; he was always prepared for the worst. He had the guts to speak his heart out even in front of the rulers. He himself lived such a life, refusing all adornments, compassion towards the poor and evil to deceit when needed which shows some of his good characteristics of nature. Kautilya was a professor at the University of Takshashila which is located near Peshawar in Paki stan. He was the first man to envision the first Indian Empire by unification of the various small kingdoms in the Indian subcontinent. His prominent works are Nitishastra, Chanakya Niti and Arthashastra. Among these, Arthshastra was most important. He considered economic activity as driving force behind the functioning of any political action. Kautilya was a true thinker who bridged the gap between knowledge and vision. For Kautilya, good governance was supreme. LIFE SKETCH OF KAUTILYA – Unfortunately There is not certainity about the time period of the Kautilya So, details of his birth and life are not dependable and we have to rely on tradition. The expected period of the Kautilya is from 350-283 B.C.E. There are very few real historical facts about his birth and death except that he helped Chandragupta to mount the throne, to strengthen his empire and to unite the Indian states for fighting against Alexander of Macedonia around 327 B.C.E. Chandragupta Maurya established the Mauryan Empire in the year 321 B.C.E. Kautilya was probably born around 350 B.C.E. This shows that Kautilya was junior contemporary of Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.). There is no proof that Kautilya was affected by Aristotleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s idea. Some historians have â€Å"questioning about Kautilyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s existence†. His place of birth is not assured. Some say that he got the name Chanakya because he was born in China. The Buddhist mentions his birthplace as Takshashila while Jaina scripture mention his birthplace as Chanak in Gola district of South India. According to one version, birthplace of Chanakya was Dravida so one of the Chanakyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s various names was Dramila. Some believes his birthplace was Patliputra. However, Kautilyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s birthplace will continue to remain a disputation. Kautilya had two other two names – Chanaka and vishnugupta. As he was born in the village of chanaka, he was called chanakya , Dr. Ganapati Shastri is of the opinion that he was born in the ‘ kutala’ gotra. Hence he was named as Kautilya. His parents gave him the name of Vishnugupta at ‘namkaran’ ceremony.[4] When Kautilya was born, he had blessed with the full set of teeth, which showed that child will become king or emperor. Rishi Chanak was a Kautilya’s father who was learned Brahmin. He was a teacher teacher so he knew the importance of education. He started teaching his son Kautilya in his early age. In his early age, Kautilya was well versed in Vedas; though he memorized them completely at early age, At that ancient time, the Vedas were considered as the toughest scripture to study. He was also taught mathematics, geography and science along with religion. Right from his childhood, Kautilyaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s wisdom and shrewdness was visible and effective. His favorite subject was Politics. Kautilya had seen very difficult circumstances from his childhood. His father,Chanak was erudite, decent and self respected Brahmin. He opposed injustice or immortal deeds. The fraudulent and arrogant king Dhannanda did not like him naturally. The king disparated the rightness of Chanak so he harassed Chanakà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s family for fake reasons. Chanak was put in prison by the king. He died in prison. No one raised a voice against the injustice with Chanak. Kautilya was a very little boy that time. He was extremely sad because of his fatherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s death and injustice happened with h is family. After his fatherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s death, his life was also in danger. So he left Patliputra by taking an oath that he would return and fight against injustice and take revenge against Dhannanda. Kautilya had his education at a famous university of Takshashila which was very reputed one at that time. Being a Brahmin of strong determination anf strong will, he thought to take revenge from Nanda King of Patliputra. He left the capital humiliated and he went to search for a warrior. On his way, he came across the young Chandragupta. He found in the latter a promising young man and started the campaign for his installation on the throne of Magadha. Their First attempt Proved to be a failure. However eventually, Chandragupta regrouped his forces, overwhelmed the borderstates and launched onslaught on the capital. The wicked king- Dhannanda best of Nanda dynasty wa skilled in 322BC. Thus a new dynasty-Maurya was established with Chandragupta Maurya enthroned as the king of Magadha in 321 BC and reigned upto 298 BC. The credit for this victory goes to kautilya widely accepted name whose diplomatic skill and encyclopaedic knowledge of administration enabled Chandragupta, his pupil not only to triumph against the Nandas but also consolidate his empire.[5] [1] Vishnoo Bhagwan, Indian Political Thinkers,Atma Ram Sons publications,p.30 [2] Retrieved from http://www.chanakya.com/chanakya.htm on 20 Mar.2014.11.28PM [3] Paul Masson-Oursel et al: Ancient India and Indian Civilization,p.37 [4] Sankaracharya : Commentary on Kamandaka [5] Vishnoo Bhagwan, Indian Political Thinkers,Atma Ram Sons publications,p.31

Evidence Based Practice (EBP) in Juvenile Justice Systems Essay exampl

Evidence Based Practice emerged in the late 20th century, becoming widespread in the 21st century. According to Research and Practice: The Role of Evidence-Based Program Practices in the Youth Mentoring Field ( 2009) â€Å"The concept of Evidence Based Practice (EBP) actually has its roots in the medical field, where the work of Archie Cochrane (1972) and others examined the key role that the substantial body of medical research and literature could play in how doctors make decisions in patient care† (para 6); Thus, a doctor’s decision would be an â€Å"educated† decision, based on evidence gathered (patient symptoms), history of cases they have overseen, or research of previous case diagnosed by another doctor, with a related case. Evidence Based Practices are defined as â€Å" integration of: (a) clinical expertise/expert opinion, (b) external scientific evidence, and (c) client/patient/caregiver perspectives to provide high-quality services reflecting the int erests, values, needs, and choices of the individuals we serve† (â€Å"Evidence Based Practice (EBP),† 1997-2014); often described as the â€Å"Best Practices†. The evidence itself is not the basis of decisions made, but it does help support the process of care given to our clients. Programs, policies, and practices are developed for at-risk youth, based on the evidence and research generated from this approach. The basis of such evidence is not to be the deciding factor, as stated above, but to help us identify programs, and policies that benefit our youth in positive ways. There is no doubt that human service organization will undergo changes, in relation to the people they serve. Hasenfeld (2010) suggest such sociodemographic changes are a result of immigration and migration, which c... ...t Practices in Juvenile Justice Reform. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.princeton.edu/futureofchildren/publications/highlights/18_02_Highlights.pdf Evidence Based Associates. (2004). Retrieved from http://www.evidencebasedassociates.com/about/history.html Evidence Based Practice (EBP). (1997-2014). Retrieved from http://www.asha.org/members/ebp/ Evidence-Based Programs for Juvenile Justice Reform in Louisiana. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.njjn.org/uploads/digital-library/resource_1650.pdf Kauffmann, M. (2010). Intergrating Evidence Based Practices into Juvenile Justice in NC. Retrieved from http://www.ncchild.org/sites/default/files/Integrating%20Evidence%20Based%20Practices%20into%20Juvenile%20Justice%20in%20NC.pdf Research and Practice: The Role of Evidence-Based Program Practices in the Youth Mentoring Field. (2009). Mentoring Resource Center, (30).

Promotion of Education in Africa Essay -- basic education, literacy, so

Topic 1: Promotion of Education in Africa The issue of basic education in the world, especially in Africa has been in the spotlight, waiting impatiently to be solved. The UN, with its Millennium Development Goals, has cited education as one of its top priorities to be achieved by 2015. The African Union, with its Second Decade of Education, has emphasized the need for primary education in Africa to ensure gender equality and the enhancement of African cultural values. Sadly, in many African nations, especially those in Sub-Saharan Africa, adult literacy rates are well below 50%, and many youth lack the most basic and primal educational opportunities. The delegation of South Africa recognizes this urgent need of promotion of education in Africa. Background As a fortunate nation, South Africa has a stable educational infrastructure and a sound â€Å"baseline† for elementary education. In South Africa, the average adult literacy rate is a good 93 percent, as compared to the international average of 84 percent (2010) and the staggering 62 percent of Africa. To continue, most youth has completed grade 9, which concludes their general education and ends their compulsory schooling. And to breathe a sigh of relief, there is little gender disparity in the South African education system. However, there are always some holes. Despite the solid literacy rate- this is defined as a person 15 years or older and can write a short statement about his or her life- South Africa lacks strong secondary and tertiary education. As stated from a study conducted by the OCED (Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development), â€Å"some three-quarters of South African adults have completed at least grade 6, half has completed grade 9, and just under one-thir... ...amic Militant Organizations in Africa "Africa's Militant Islamist Groups." BBC News. BBC, 5 Dec. 2013. Web. 18 Apr. 2014. . Nkala, Oscar. "Little Terror Threat in South Africa – Report." Home. Defence Web, 5 June 2013. Web. 18 Apr. 2014. . "South Africa: Consolidated Acts." Protection of Constitutional Democracy against Terrorist and Related Activities Act 2004. South African Legal Information Institute, n.d. Web. 18 Apr. 2014. . The War on Terrorism in Africa. N.p.: Westview Press, n.d. PDF. http://www.cfr.org/content/thinktank/Lyman_chapter_Terrorism.pdf

Management of Email in a Government Agency Essay -- Email Management P

I often read technical journals and information management publications in print as well as web based articles or white papers. I like to educate myself as well as stay current on the most recent information on Information Management. I feel for my rhetorical essay it’s best to stick to what I know and what I’m familiar with. The article I chose to elaborate on comes from the January/February 2014 issue of Information Management , an ARMA Publication. It addresses the ongoing issues of email management and email retention. Most organizations, civilian and government struggle with the problem of email storage and email retention. In an ideal world it would be the desire of the organization to limit the amount of email and the length of email retention to an across the board timeframe, 3 years, 5 years, 7 years, 10 years or longer for specific records. Although uniform retention periods are a goal and objective for many organizations, it isn’t very realistic for most government entities. Dr. William Saffady begins his article â€Å"Taking Control of E-Mail with Uniform Retention Rules† questioning the practicality of schedule-based retention periods for the management of email and electronic communication. He recommends an alternative system of managing email messages by adopting uniform retention rules. Dr. Saffady is currently Professor at the Palmer School of Library and Information Science, Long Island University in New Your City, where he teaches courses on information management topics. He is definitely well versed in his field and more than qualified in his assessment if email management. Although Dr. Saffady is well qualified to his opinion and make recommendations but I have to disagree with his as... ...urrently Cook County where I work have over 20,000 employees. The management of email for 20,000 employees is a huge task but one that must be taken seriously. References Arizona State Library of Archives and Public Records. (n.d.). â€Å"Guideline for managing public records sent and received via electronic mail†. http://www.azlibrary.gov/records/GuidanceAndRelatedResources/GuidelinesForManagingPublicRecordsSentAndReceivedViaElectronicMail.aspx Live Office – Your Archiving Experts. (2010 July). â€Å" Best Practices Guide for Email Retention.† Retrieved March 11, 2014 from http://www.liveoffice.com/sites/default/files/whitepapers/Best_Practices_Guide_for_Email_Retention_0.pdf Saffady, William, PhD., (2014) â€Å"Taking Control of E-Mail with Uniform Retention Rules† , Information Management, An ARMA International Publication, Volume 48, No 1, 20-26

Counseling Session Essay

A good greeting with client is very important. In my point of view for having a good greeting at the first meeting the nonverbal actions are important equal as words which counselor says. Having a nice smile, showing the attention for entrance of client, the distances between the client and counselor’s chairs, counseling room atmosphere and etc can help the both client and counselor for making a good relationship. As you can see after I talked about our time, I move a little to showing Keat that I was with her. In our counseling session we should be aware of don’t using â€Å"problem†. As an example I use â€Å"How may I help you?† except â€Å"What’s your problem?† Client: I just came from the exam center, and I’m concern, WHY my name is not register? Counselor: Oh,†¦. Non verbal reflection for showing Keat that I mention to her completely. Client: I will have come up again on Monday. Waste a lot my time. Time is always a problem. I’m doing too many things.aaa †¦ This is not a problem. What is my main problem? Counselor: You didn’t get your exam card.yeah? Keat was thinking and it was better for me to be silent. I shouldn’t interrupt into her thinking. Client: How did it happen, because I paid online†¦. I’m to trying to figure out where is my will. Counselor: What’s will? I didn’t know the meaning of the â€Å"will†. And I know as a counselor I must to speak English as a native person. (I try my best to improve my language skills) Client: You don’t know the will. Will is †¦ Counselor: Aha†¦ aha†¦ You want to rewrite your will for yourself or for your children? Client: †¦ That is my concern. Time is always a problem. I always work for myself†¦ Counselor: You always work for yourself. I also used non-verbal encouragement skills such as: Nodding, eye contact, body movement. Client: aha. I try to organize my time in my free time. So my mind is always thinking. I think I should sit down and organize the will. Angelinas’ Death shocked me. It can happen to anybody at anytime. Counselor: You are concern. Aha †¦ I tried to respond with empathy, try to understand her feelings, emotions when she talked about Angelina’s death. Client: I think I should lots of work to do †¦ I’m working. †¦ I’m working very impact. Counselor: You are concerning about the time, organizing your works. (It continued for 30 minutes but I stop to transcript the session for analyze myself as a counselor.) For explain myself as a counselor during the sessions It’s necessary to say that my own structure is not only using one theory. I try to find a good mixture depends on my client personality and his/her problems. Generally I have been used all my sessions on the base of Rogers’s theory. He has consistently maintained that there are three conditions for realizing a growth- promoting climate in which individuals can move toward and become what they are capable of becoming. These conditions are: 1) genuineness; 2) acceptance; 3) deep understanding. Therapy is rooted in the client’s capacity for awareness and the ability to make decisions. With the help of his theory I focus on the client’s responsibility and capacity to discover ways to more fully encounter reality. I try to help my clients t o match their behavior and expression with their internal feelings and thoughts. I focus on the person not on the persons presenting problem, because it is very important for me to assist my clients in their growth process. I really believe that empowering the clients has better influence in their whole life and they can better cope with problems they are now facing, and with their future problem. In my structure it is very significant to provide a safety climate and sometimes on the base of person- centered therapy I use myself as an instrument of change. Foremost I must be willing to be real in the relationship with a client. Instead of perceiving clients in preconceived diagnostic categories, I meet them on moment-to-moment experiential basis and help them by entering  their world. Through my attitudes of genuine, respect, acceptance, and understanding, they loosen their defenses and rigid perceptions and move to a higher level of personal functioning. With the case of Keat I used Rogers’s theory and I do not have a certain idea for other theories. For me it need a little more time to know my client and her issues to select another theory. Maybe if our sessions had been continued I would have used Ellis’s Rational-emotive therapy. And with the case of Roslan if our sessions had be continued I would have used the Eric Berne theory. As a counselor I have to use techniques too. With the base of Rogers I try to accept Keat and be respectful with her. I used different kinds of attending and listening skills, Nov- verbal skills to show my client that I understood her feelings, emotions, stories, and plans. I think I still need to work on myself and methods for being a good counselor. To reach this goal I should developed my Questions which I think they are so common some times, although it related to speaking in English. I have to be a good English speaker.

The Joy and Pain of Raising a Child with Special Needs

The Joys and Pain Of Raising A Child With Special Needs Donna McFadden ENG121 English Composition I Mr. Jonathan Alexander, Instructor February 18, 2013 The Joys and Pain Of Raising A Child With Special Needs Even though I am not the only parent of a child of special needs this is my personal journey into the world of special needs. No one could have told me that at the age of forty three I would be experiencing motherhood again to a child born with Cerebral Palsy. In fact, I was just preparing to celebrate my 25th high school reunion when I got the news that I was pregnant.When faced with the complex challenges of single motherhood you will soon find out that love is all you need. Allow me to give my account of this life altering phenomenon that totally changed the course of my mindset and direction in life. After an extremely emotional pregnancy and delivery by C-section, my son Nathan took his first breaths into a world of chaos and confusion. Being rushed to the neo-natal intensi ve care unit weighing only 4 lbs 3 oz, being probed and pricked by doctors and nurses to help stabilize the very life he stepped into.The thoughts of what my little angel endured coming into this world shows me his strength and determination as he begins his fight on this journey to manhood. Life began for my son spending his first few weeks of life in a NICU as they call it in the hospital with incubators and feeding tubes combined with the constant care from doctors and nurses assigned to his care. How traumatic for both mother and child to experience the separation and disconnect that is being substituted by machines. I forced the hospital to allow me an opportunity to stay in a room so that I could be as close to my son as I could.I was there for every feeding, every diaper change, all the testing I would sit in the NICU beside his bed and sing to him to reassure him that I was there. I was determined to be with my child as much as I could through this torturous ordeal. The inst ructions that we had to follow when we got home were intense, because of his prematurity and low birth weight many important things were still developing. I had numerous classes and seminars that I had to attend and complete before leaving the hospital. I even had to purchase a new car seat because the one that I had was not sufficient for a premature child.We immediately began having to parade through doctors offices on a weekly basis to be tested and examined and this process required a lot of patience and dedication. At five months olds we were back in the hospital so that Nathan would have his first surgery to repair three hernias. Once he recuperated it was then time for the next round of surgeries and this rollercoaster ride seemed to go on for months. Throughout this process you’re trying to find those opportunities to enjoy your child, those memorable moments of accomplishments and milestones.During these months I had no idea my son has Cerebral Palsy, nor had I ever experienced anyone who had been diagnosed with this disability. When we got the diagnoses of Cerebral Palsy, Nathan was fourteen months old and a very happy, determined little toddler, actually to look at him you would never know that he had brain damage. For me, not really knowing what it meant to have Cerebral Palsy actually played to my advantage because I didn’t have an opportunity to get upset, but more of a determination to educate myself on what I needed to do to help this baby grow into a wonderful productive person.Just like when he was born we were thrown into the arena of occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy more doctors and test after test after test. This process is extremely daunting, however necessary. I was just trying to tackle each obstacle as it came day-by-day with all the optimism I could muster. I had a determination to not think negatively or get in that place of despair or asking â€Å"why me? † How do you balance the range of emotions that not only go through your mind, but the minds of your family and friends about the hopes and fears of the destiny of your child?I am so grateful for my faith and belief system to help me sustain my strength and emotional well-being because I have no idea where I would be without it. This was truly one of the most difficult times of my life combined with an element of gratitude for the life and well-being of my son. Even though we are still on this journey a lot of progress has been made from that first day of life in July. My positive attitude about my son’s disability has been engraved in him and I am quite encouraged that through it all he will be such a positive example of how the challenges of Cerebral Palsy will not dictate his life.

Audit Syariah

Tiffy Tiffeny Edmund 62288211087 Audit 1 Audit Syariah Definition Audit is a process to investigate and verify an account, while Syariah is the rule of Islam (Hukum Islam). Therefore, Audit Syariah is the process to analyse, check, investigate and to make sure the operation and the management of Islamic Financial Institution (IFI) is accordance to the principal and the Syariah’s guidelines, mainly for the production of a product.Syarikah al-Rajhi al-Masrafiyyah LiL Istismar has define the Audit Syariah as â€Å"parties to determine the extent of Syariah compliant IFI based on decision made by the Syariah Advisory Council (SAC)† Objectives * Is there any specific mechanism to ensure the implement decision of SAC based on the Muamalat Islam? * How the implement of contracts, requirements, and operation being monitored by the IFI? The importance of Syariah compliance is to mitigate the operational risk of IFI and to strengthen the internal control of Islamic Banking system .Operation risks arise out because of failure in internal controls relating to processed, people, systems, or external event. The syariah non-compliance significant with this risk, which may result in voiding of contracts, loss of income, withdrawals, diminishes reputation and reduction in business. So, key challenge in managing operational risk in Islamic banking is by ensuring syariah compliance. Therefore, it is important to have syariah auditor to control activities according the Islamic rules which permissible and compliance with the principles of syariah About audit syariahThe different between statutorily IFI of different countries against actual scope and scale of what constitutes syariah audit might be bias towards the actual nature and scope of syariah audit. Auditor that practices the syariah system should be understood as a model that those countries adopt probably due to certain constraint within their financial system or infrastructure. Primary scope of syariah audit i s the audit of financial statement of the IFI.The audit will design to review the financial statement are drawn up according to the prevailing financial reporting disclosure standard of the country and wether the financial entries truly and accurately reflects the right and obligation arising from the various syariah contracts that the IFI enters into. If the requirement of IFIs in that country is to adopt the Accounting and Auditing Organization of Islamic Financial Institution (AAOIFI) standards then adherence to AAOIFI standards would be construed as the syariah compliant yardstick.The next area of a scope is the operational aspects of the IFI. This largely depends on the type of business the IFI is involved in and the key business activities undertaken by the IFI. This will involve an examination of the policies and procedures of the IFI on the key business activities, product manuals, operational process, contracts and agreements of products, memorandum and articles of associat ion of the organization and observation of reports issued by the management or syariah supervisor board and internal review unit.Third scope is the organizational structure and the people involved in executing key activities of each business area of the IFI. Audit on this scope will ensure that the organization structure is feasible to undertake the syariah compliant business activities and those they are qualified personnel in the area of ? fiqh al-muamalat to support the operations of the IFI. Islamic commercial jurisprudence or the rules of transacting in Islamic lawFinally, the scope should also cover the IT application systems that are in place to support the key business activities of the IFI. An audit into this area would look into whether the functionalities and features of the application system are sufficient and adequate to support an Islamic Banking Business by the IFI. Few things should be emphasized by auditor is avoiding every sinful activities such as the elements of riba, channeling received funds in a sinful way, and transactions that pay interest to depositor or investment in interest bearing stocks.The Syariah Advisory Council of Malaysia security commission (SAC) had resolved that riba is one of the main criteria causing the security of listed company to be excluded from SAC approved list. Islamic Instrument Study Group (IISG) at its fifth meeting on 23th August 1995 resolves that securities of a company whose operations and main activities are based on riba are not halal. Second thing is risk sharing. Islamic finance requires each party to a transaction to share the risks and rewards in an equitable manner.Islamic finance also doesn’t allow and forbid exploitation regarding right, liability and organization of the transaction leaving no room for ambiguities. Islamic law in finance is quite flexible where it allows the undertaking of any form of contractual relationship as long they avoid the clearly stated the prohibitions in the q uran and sunah. To ensure the audit progress runs smoothly, auditor must understand every decision maked by SAC. Auditor can ask the secretariat for help or by referring the manual of syariah, syariah checklist, syariah audit report from previous year, and so on.

Bean Trees and Brave New World

Brave New World vs. The Bean Trees The novels Brave New World and The Bean Trees both show suffering and people trying to pursue their own happiness. In Brave New World, John suffers through his unhappiness. In The Bean Trees, Taylor Greer goes through the same situation. They both go through the process of suffering to reach the same goal, which is to find happiness. In Brave New World, John becomes out casted by both the New Mexico Savage Reservation and the World State. With living in the World State and their version of â€Å"happiness†, John begs for the right to feel emotion. He sees the World State as giving off artificial happiness, but he wants true happiness and true emotion. He pleads, â€Å"I don’t want comfort, I want God, I want poetry, I want real danger, I want freedom, I want goodness. I want sin. † He takes his values from the works of Shakespeare which helps him to voice his own emotions and reactions, it gives him a framework from which to comment on World State values, and it gives him the language that helps him hold his own in confrontation. Shakespeare shows all the values that the World State does not have. From reading the works, John wants to reject the shallow â€Å"happiness† of the World State, he becomes unable to control his temptations for Lenina, and ultimately he commits suicide. John taking part in the final orgy and later committing suicide can become viewed as the product of an insanity made by the conflict between his values and the reality of the World State. John never reached his goal due to him committing suicide. In The Bean Trees, Taylor Greer leaves her home in Kentucky to make a new life for herself. Along the way, a woman gives Taylor a child which she names Turtle. At first, caring for Turtle does not come easily to her, but over time she grows to love Turtle as her own. Taylor becomes forced to mature quickly which brings on another struggle for her. High School has only been behind her for a few years and she already has to take on the responsibility of providing for a child. She also needs to raise money on her own, not only for herself but also for Turtle. Finding a place to live became her responsibility, too. Estevan and Esperanza’s struggles with aving to give up their child and the trauma of Turtle getting attacked one day, forces Taylor to struggle through depression. The police investigation on the attack shows that Taylor is not the legal guardian of Turtle which brings up another struggle for her until Taylor comes up with a plan to adopt her. In the end, Taylor’s plan works, Taylor and Turtle now have a home in Tucson, and Esperanza and Estevan safely live at their new home in Oklahoma. Taylor struggled through life’s challenges but by the end of the novel she finds a new meaning for â€Å"family† and becomes appreciative of the miracles given to her each day. The struggles of the human condition become resolved for the current time in the lives that Taylor has touched. Ultimately, Taylor did reach her goal of happiness because she found family in the people around her and a new life in Tucson. Both of the characters went through much suffering on their pursuit of happiness. They handled their suffering in different ways though. John rebelled against the World State to gain his happiness whereas Taylor took what came to her and found her happiness with what she was given.

Animated cartoons for early childhood science education

Animated cartoons for early childhood science education Teachers teaching methods change because of the new generation of children. For this reason, teachers should use contemporary teaching methods for improving the quality of learning. In this framework teaching innovations which can meet such expectations are needed. This paper is a report of work describing curriculum which involves cartoons as a basis for teaching science. Here we can picture young pupils gaining knowledge through texts, teacher lectures and cartoons. It is important to realize that one of the reasons why science is thought to be difficult by many students in elementary education is that it is viewed as dealing with concepts which are often difficult to be explained and understood. Some students feel that they have to learn a lot of theory without considering how this theory might apply to the real world they are living in. This study represents findings on the use of animated cartoons and how they are able to evaluate the effectiveness in supporting teaching and le arning in science. The research results provide evidence that the use of animated cartoons significantly increases the young students` knowledge and understanding of specific science concepts. The importance of cartoons in science education has been recognized in recent years as they received an increasing amount of research attention. The presentation of ideas in visual form has been proven to be particularly important as it helps the educational process in a very up-to-date way. Why are cartoons so popular among young children and how can they be used for the purposes of teaching as well as learning? Research evidence indicates that cartoons are widely used as innovative and supporting tools in science teaching. Actually, they represent a form of art that has been promoted into an important visual language, which influences the human feelings and transmit messages using symbols and pictures. They are a combination of humour , exaggeration and symbols but in a very simple way. Euli e/1969/ pointed out very successfully that cartons, contain messages and when they are selected carefully, they can easily provide information via the symbols and the exaggeration. Most important is that they use familiar pictures and objects from daily life. In addition, cartoons can be used effectively in the teaching process when they provide information with regard to concrete objects. They were used by many researches in the classroom in order to promote learning, esp. in teaching children./Madden,Chung$Dawson,2008;Peacock,1995;Tsou,Wang&Tzeng,2006/. More over, the most innovative use in the instructive practice is that they easily capture students’ attention and then they allow them to’ travel with their mind ‘in the world of imagination and amusement while they are learning. Not surprisingly, cartoons have rapidly become a popular teaching and learning approach. Keogh and Naylor /1999/ ,he creators of the ‘concept cartoon strategy, have used it incre asingly in both primary and secondary education. . Concept cartoons offer an innovative approach to gaining access to children’s ideas in science. They have been used in different ways and in different situations to teach science, to assess pupils’ levels of understanding of science matters and to involve them in scientific discussion as well as to promote children’ s argumentation in primary science /Naylor,Keogh and Downing,2007/.

Group Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Group Analysis - Essay Example The primary focus in this paper will be on group work. A group is a coalition of individuals who require each at different levels so that they can work on a certain common problem. In a group, there is need to use each other and create helping relationships which is very vital to any group process. However, it is not a guarantee that when individuals come together aid will emerge. There are many obstacles that can block the ability of the members of the group to reach one another and offer help. The group members have to learn how to cope with developmental and maturational tasks and demands that require adaptation and changes within the group (Greene and Greene, 2008). The group that is our class started on August 30, 2010. At the beginning, there was no much interaction because every one was a stranger to one another. The first thing an individual feels when meeting people in a group for the first time in many cases is fear. Shulman (2008) describes it as fear-of-group syndrome. The first concept is the fear-of-group syndrome. Feeling unease is common thing when meeting people for the first time. One clearly notes this is the beginning phase of a group during introductions. The fear-of-group syndrome emerges at this point (Shulman, 2008). The tone of the voice may suggest that this person has never led a group or worked in a group. An individual may decide to keep quiet because of fear and this can result to the individual withdraw from the group’s activities. During the beginning of our class, some students were afraid of introducing themselves or opening up to other members of the group. The tone of voice in some indicated that they were not that willing to interact with the rest of the group. The second concept is discussing a taboo area. Norms and taboos are different in each community. Re-creation of a group into a micro-society involves bringing together norms, rules, expectations and taboos from the group members’ experiences. A difficult task

Critically analyse and evaluate the video games software industry Essay

Critically analyse and evaluate the video games software industry dynamics - Essay Example Some of the barriers to an entry to video game industry is: a) The Capital Requirement of Entry The capital requirement in video game software industry is very high as lot of money and resources is required for advertising, production, research and development (R&D). A company with less funding capacity neither can afford to make large bulk of orders nor it can survive in long term scenario (Altwein, 2006, p.3). Most of the companies that are already established have been facing fierce competition from new ones which have been coming up. Some companies like Ataria of the United States collapsed in 1980s due to fierce competition from new entrants. (Brightman, 2006). b) Economies of Scale Although economies of scale is not a strong barrier to an entry to video game software industry yet a company can only compete to market if it has an ability to create good economies of scale in industry (Altwein, et al, 2006, p.4). 1 c) Expected Retaliation and Access to Distribution Channel The expected retaliation and access to distribution channel also play an important role to an entry to an industrial sector as both factors determine the future prospective of a competitor in the market. Same thing is applied for video game software industry too. For example in 1983, when Nintendo entered the market with the FAMICOM, although the expected retaliation was at quite a low point for the global video gaming market resulting the disillusionment of customers, yet as Nintendo was already a familiar player in the market having access to distribution channel network, hence it was much easier for it to distribute its products to a large market area (Altwein, et al, 2006, p.4). ii) Threat of...This is because the industry is supported by growth in the information system sector which has not been affected by the economic recession. There have been no macro or micro economic policies which has affected the operations of the industry. On the world front, the growth of the economy in the world has translated to increased use of computers which has led to growth of the industry. There has been increased disposable income as the middle class continue to emerge in all parts of the world which as led to increased use of video games (Gold 2003, p. 65). There has been increased change in the culture in the world which has favoured increased use of video games. As more and more communities of the world depart from their traditions, there has been increased use of video games as alternative entertainment for children. This has been recorded in the emerging markets of the world. But in general there has been increased use of computer games which are supported by video games. This has been a great shift in the culture of the people who have now embraced computer games as a wary of recreation. This change in culture has seen computer games become the culture of most adolescent in the world.

Issues in Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Issues in Human Resource Management - Essay Example The qualities of an effectively managed employee according to Roosevelt T. [1978], relate to his ability to answer for himself and others the following five basic job related questions: i.Why am I here [How does he identify himself within the organiation] ii.Where am I going [What is his understanding of the goals of his unit and/or that of the entire organization How can he be a part of achieving that goal The manager is to let him know all these]. iii. How am I doing [He needs to know his performance and progress towards achieving the overall goal and objective of his unit/organisation]. iv. What is in it for me [What are the rewards for him for achieving results] v. What happens when I need help [How are they reinforced for doing good job What is the process of delivering the reward A manager can define for the subordinates what rewards he can give within a specific context]. An average worker and an average employer will expect the following from each other under a typical employment contract: EXPECTATIONS By Manager By Worker T O R E C E I V E Cooperative effort Problem solving by the worker Considerable self management Production beyond the minimum required Improvements in overall group performance Open communications of any unresolved problem Cooperative effort Some problem solving Some self management Service beyond the minimum required Performances as required T O G I V E T O G I V E * Adequate compensation Sense of belonging to company Sense of importance Sense of accomplishment Sense of purpose Training & knowledge Sense of fulfillmentAdequate compensation Sense of belonging Sense of accomplishment Sense of being valued T O R E C E I V E *In this instance, "to give"... Does the manager/management carry along the staff Do they have any definite goals/objectives to which their efforts could be channeled Are the mission and vision of the organization clearly made known to the staff v. What happens when I need help [How are they reinforced for doing good job What is the process of delivering the reward A manager can define for the subordinates what rewards he can give within a specific context]. *In this instance, "to give" should read as "to facilitate realisation of." [Adapted from Lashrook 1981b, Leader Manager] and supported by Rensis Likert and Jane Gibson Likert,[Integrative Goals & Consensus in Problem Solving] Rosabeth Moss Kanter [Empowerment] and Roger Harrison [Strategy for a New Age]. Things such as reducing time spent at work, spiraling wages, fringe benefits, etc have at one time or the other failed to bring out the expected result from an employee. It goes to suggest that it takes more than these incentives to motivate some people in order to get the best out of them, i.e. in terms of job performance and behaviour. In his hygiene factors/motivation, Herzberg tries to explain that certain issues bring job satisfaction and certain issues cause job dissatisfaction. Herzberg's studies revealed that the factors involved in producing job satisfaction [motivators] are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction.

Plato and the Platonic dialogues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Plato and the Platonic dialogues - Essay Example In this effort Socrates bravely presents arguments relating to the need to life the examined life, as without living a life of purpose and meaning he believes there is no purpose in existence. Conversely, philosopher Robert Nozick in his book the Examined Life revisits this question of living a life of examination, yet considers it from a slightly different perspective than the one Plato advances through Socrates. This essay considers Plato’s characterization of the examined life through his dialogues Euthyphro and the Apology, examines Nozick’s conceptualization in the Examined Life, and contrasts the two philosophers views on the subject. One of the most seminal of Plato’s dialogues, the Apology constitutes Socrates’ argument to the Athenian court for his innocence. In considering this line of reasoning it’s important to consider the broader implications of Socrates argument. It seems that Socrates is indicating that in Meletus and the Athenian co unsel harming Socrates they are doing so in a sort of bad faith. Socrates believes that in being a better person than Meletus he has chosen to live his life virtuously. In living his life virtuously Socrates has contributed to society and lived his life in productive ways. He has also worked towards achieving his own sense of purpose and meaning; in Socrates’ instance, it seems that he believes this to be living honestly and spreading his wisdom and intellect to the Athenian youth. If Meletus were to have Socrates killed, which he is attempting.

Child Care Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Child Care - Research Paper Example In such a way, understanding the importance of a manager’s role and the means by which he/she can impact upon the stakeholders in the workforce is an issue of the utmost importance if a further degree of utility is to be expected from a domestic workforce. Luckily, the past several years has noted a dramatic increase with respect to the overall level of scholarship with regards to this particular topic. Special attention has always been on the effect of culture on the interactions between employees and the employer (Adler and Zhu, 2005). Nevertheless, gaps remain on the reasons of the disparities as observed in the relationships between the employee and the employer. This research therefore undertakes an intensive review of the available literature concerning the topic and the finding from the other studies in explaining the motivation of diverse employees within the realm of child-care and/or early education. It is worth noting that manager of a diverse workforce also finds t heir task defined with regards offering training to the employees for the skills and expertise already acquired while previously working. High task readiness implies that the staff are well prepared to attend to tasks as assigned through acquired skills and knowledge while a low task readiness imply that they lack the necessary skills to handle the tasks assigned. It is the hope of this author that such a unit of analysis will be useful in helping the reader to come to a more profound understanding with regards to the approach, best practices, and motivational theories that should be engaged/utilized as a function of seeking to leverage further integration between functional expertise and work flexibility. Introduction One might be tempted to assume that the impact that a given manager may have with regards to the motivation of employees at the local level of education might be rather small. However, this is the opposite of what can be observed. Due to the fact that the cultural dis similarity, that is so oftentimes represented, is primarily impacted upon by the norms and mores of culture that are created as a process of maturity and development in a particular society; this has been deemed by many researchers, including this analysis, to be of the highest importance in helping to constrain and define the term. Although it is true that a host of factors impact upon the level and extent to which individuals within positions of leadership can interact with those under their purview, it is the factor of employee motivation that is of the most specific interest to this particular analysis. Moreover, due to the fact that the topic in and of itself is extraordinarily broad, the research will attempt to approach it from the perspective the way in which work flexibility and the appreciations surrounding diversity can be applied to the many different theories of motivation; theories that have thus far helped to define the way in which managers and leaders integrate with their respective stakeholders within any firm, organization, or institution. Literature review Most opinions are

The Modern Epictetus's Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Modern Epictetus's Philosophy - Essay Example The passage is quite explicit in explaining that when we interpret an event or action by associating it with well-defined adjectives, it expresses certain inhibiting or exhibiting features which provoke a reaction that defines our attitude and perception towards it. According to the passage, death is dreadful. In truth, it is we, who have associated death with being ‘dreadful’ and therefore, whenever we come across death, we react accordingly. That is why the philosopher says that we must understand the more complex nature of conscious and subconscious mind that forms impression which influences our actions and therefore, instead of blaming others, we must try to change our attitude and perception. Various philosophers like Aristotle, Pluto, Hume etc. have espoused philosophies regarding a different aspect of our life’s ideologies and the concept of living a moral and ethical life. The philosophy is part and parcel of every human being and he or she exhibits it th rough the wisdom and individual perspectives towards the various aspect of their daily life. The philosophers through the ages have attempted to explain the sequence of events or happenings around us that directly or indirectly influence our actions and reactions in our daily life. It tries to interpret everything and anything in the wider empirical consideration of our experiences of conscious and unconscious manifestations of our being. It, therefore, can be said that each of us, follow a definite philosophy which guides our actions and our efforts to gain knowledge and accordingly base our judgments of the people or event. Hence it becomes a crucial aspect of our thought processes that link the person or things with the represented verdict that has been pronounced by our mental imagery and once declared as such, we often refuse to change that impression.  Ã‚