Surprise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Surprise - Essay Example This demonstrates Mrs. Louise Mallard damsel in distress constitution of having a weak physical as well emotional state of Mrs. Louise Mallard due to her heart condition. 2. Mrs. Louise Mallard is also an archetype of an opportunist gold digger. She first felt bad when the news of her husband’s death was gently announced to her. She cried and sobbed in her room alone to pretend that the world was about to end. Then her gold digging attitude overcame her – that her husband’s death could bring her freedom and with it money (his estate). At first, she was shy about the idea and realizes that it is inappropriate to think that way. But she just liked the idea of freedom from her husband too much. She was overjoyed with the idea that without her husband, she could now do anything that she wanted and also enjoy the inheritance from her husband. She now would become a truly independent woman. She even whispered to herself â€Å" â€Å"Free, free, free!†Ã‚   She however does not want people to see that she is celebrating with the death of her husband so she feigned her weeping during the wake of her husband just like any gold digg ers would do. 3. Mrs. Louise Mallard’s archetype of a witch that was hit by karma. Witches can look physically beautiful just like Mrs. Louise Mallard but deep inside they are ugly. At first they will prevail just like Mrs. Louise Mallard who have successfully duped people that she was grieving with her husband’s death but in fact she was not. In the end however, karma took over just like witches who are being punished for their bad deeds. The karma happened in an unexpected manner. Mr. Brently Mallard after all did not die from the train crash and was in fact alive. He was mistaken as somebody else and his identity was reported as dead which was reported to this wife. Richard, a friend of Brently Mallard would like to prevent Mrs.

Autism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Autism - Research Paper Example Autism is not one specific condition, but refers to a group of disorders with disparate underlying etiologies (Corbier, 2005). Hence, treatment for autism is multidimensional, including behavioral management, individualized education plan, medical treatment, psychoanalytic therapy, and rehabilitative therapeutic strategies, together with patience, faith and belief. Integrated treatment plans focus on preparing people with autism to live in their home community in the least restrictive environment (Hardman et al, 2007). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the current treatments for children with autism, and determine their effectiveness. Behavioral Management as a Treatment Intervention in Autism Behavioral interventions aim to improve specific appropriate behaviors, or to lessen inappropriate behavior (Hardman et al, 2007). This approach is commonly considered to be the most effective in treating autism in children. A research study was conducted by Sallows and Graupner (2005) on twenty-four children with autism, aged between 24 to 42 months at the beginning of the study. They were randomly assigned to early intensive behavioral treatment, and to treatment involving intensive hours but less supervision by equally qualified supervisors. The results were similar for both groups, after four years of multidimensional treatment including cognitive, language, adaptive, social and academic measures. This indicates that supervision by trained staff is not an essential criterion for improved behavioral outcomes, when the same intensive treatment is given to both the study sample and the control group. By combining the two groups, it was found that the results were optimized, and by age seven the children could adapt themselves to mainstream classrooms. However, pretreatment skills played a significant part in determining the success of the interventions, particularly verbal imitation ability, language and social responsiveness. Lovaas (1993) di scovered that early identification of the environmental variables that controlled the extent of treatment gains, was essential. Effective treatment for severe behavioral disorders requires early intervention which is conducted throughout the child’s waking hours, while taking all significant behaviors in all the child’s environments into consideration, by all significant persons caring for the child, and for many years. Research on early intensive behavioral treatment for children with autism was conducted by Cohen et al (2006) in the community setting, to replicate earlier studies which had shown favorable results. The three-year prospective outcome study using a quasi-experimental design consisted of the sample group of 21 children which received early intensive behavioral therapy (EIBT) from a community agency, and the other control group of 21 children who of equal age and IQ as compared to the first group, and belonging to special education classes at local public schools. The results showed marked improvement in language, nonverbal skill, and adaptive behavior; hence early intensive behavioral therapy can be successfully undertaken in the community setting. Individualized Education Plan and Educational Interventions â€Å"Early intervention and a highly structured education program are currently regarded as the best treatment for chi

Morphological Productivity Of English Word Formation English Language Essay

Morphological Productivity Of English Word Formation English Language Essay Morphological productivity is a widely discussed topic in English word formation. What it means for a word formation process to be morphologically productive is controversial and various views exist concerning the definition of morphological productivity. The present essay aims to shed some light on the matter. A number of definitions of morphological productivity will be presented and discussed and especially the difference between productivity and creativity, and if there is such a difference at all, will be highlighted. Moreover, the question of whether productivity can be measured will be addressed, and different types of productivity measure will be compared and discussed. Is there such a thing as a good productivity measure, and how can the presented methods be improved? Rather than giving a superficial overview of many aspects of morphological productivity, this essay will focus on only a few, but nevertheless very important viewpoints. 2 What is morphological productivity? The question of what morphological productivity is cannot be answered explicitly as there exist many different viewpoints in the literature. While Bauer (1983) states that a word-formation process is productive if it can be used synchronically in the production of new forms (18), Plag (1999) argues that productivity is the property of an affix to be used to coin new complex words (44). Now, according to Plag productivity only accounts for inflectional and derivational processes, but Bauer does not share this opinion. In fact, he points out that there are some word-formation processes which are non-affixal, but which may nevertheless be productive (Bauer 2001:12), and he lists a number of ablaut-motivated compounds like chitchat, dilly dally and fiddle faddle to support his argument. From his point of view, productivity does not refer solely to affixes but rather to morphological processes (cf. Bauer 2001:13). There are several other definitions of morphological productivity, like tha t of Spencer (1991) who regards a rule as productive if it is regularly and actively used in the creation of totally new words (49). Spencers definition resembles that of Bauer in that he focuses on the synchronic creation of new words, but also differs in the respect that Bauer highlights the potential formation of new words while Spencer points out that productivity is an active process. Therefore, according to Spencer, morphological productivity is not concerned with the possibility of a word-formation process to form new words but there has to be actual evidence for this. A further definition was proposed by Schultink (1961) on which the more modern definitions are based. He presented a more sophisticated account of morphological productivity: Productivity as a morphological phenomenon is the possibility which language users have to form an in principle uncountable number of new words unintentionally, by means of a morphological process which is the basis of the form-meaning correspondence of some words they know. (qtd. in Plag 1999:13) Schultinks point of view is opposed to that of morphological creativity. On the basis of learned rules, speakers form new words. The application of these rules, for example that the suffix -ness can be attached to adjectives to form nouns, is crucial for the process of morphological productivity. In the following sub-section I will give an overview of the difference between creative and productive word-formation processes. 2.1 Productivity vs. creativity Schultinks unintentional or also unconscious nature of use of productive rules is typical: when a rule is very productive, neologisms on its basis will hardly be noticed as they look so familiar and not innovative. For example, the suffix -ness can be used to form nouns from a large number of adjectives, and speakers have internalised this rule to such an extent that neologisms with -ness are not particularly striking and are more often formed than neologism with the suffix -ese (cf. Haspelmath 2002: 101). On the other hand, creative neologisms are always intentional formations that follow an unproductive pattern (Haspelmath 2002: 100). This view was originally derived from Lyons (1977) who put forward the notion of rule-governed and non-rule governed word-formation. According to Lyons, productivity is a defining property of language, allowing a native speaker to produce an infinitely large number of sentences, to be accounted for by the rules of grammar (cf. Lyons 1977: 549), whereas creativity is the native speakers ability to extend the language system in a motivated, but unpredictable (non-rule governed) way (Bauer 2001: 63). Bauer gives an example of this difference on the basis of the word headhunter. If it is seen as a formation invented to designate a member of a tribe which keeps the heads of its victims, the word-formation process is productive because it is governed by syntactic rules. However, if it is seen as a metaphorical expression, referring to one who recruits executives for a large corporation, the word-formation process is regarded as creative because the meaning of the word is semantically opaqu e and if one does not know the meaning of the second sense of headhunter, it is not possible to derive it from the word alone (cf. Bauer 2001: 63). Hence, analysability and semantic transparency seem to be pre-requisites for morphological productivity, but they are by no means sufficient conditions, e.g. the suffix -ess is analysable and transparent but not productive. In addition to that, creative processes can be analysable and transparent as well. This becomes clear when we look at analogical formations such as trialogue, which is derived from dialogue, or the German word Hausmann, which is derived from Hausfrau (cf. Haspelmath 2002: 102). Another problem is that it is difficult to distinguish clearly between (levels of) consciousness and intentionality in individual cases. It might be the case that there is a mix of intentional and unintentional and unconscious word-formation processes. Haspelmath notes that because of the fact that we do not know what a speaker intends and thinks when he forms new words, it is impossible to say that productive processes are always unconscious (Haspelmath 2002: 101). Haspelmath illustrates this with the example of the word mentalese, which was coined by a philosopher in the mid 20th century. The formation of mentalese was creative, but the question arises why he did not use the word thoughtese or mindese which would have been equally acceptable from a semantic point of view. The answer to this question is that the suffix -ese prefers to follow bases with a strong-weak stress pattern (like in mà ²therà ©se or Jà  panà ©se) and since thought and mind are monosyllabic, they do not co nform to this pattern (cf. ibid.). It is unlikely that the philosopher considered this as he coined mentalese, but he might have internalised this rule and made his choice unconsciously. Thus, it cannot be confirmed that productivity and creativity are two independent processes which are mutually exclusive, but they rather seem to influence each other and both processes can contribute to the formation of new words at the same time. This is emphasized by the fact that creative processes can turn into productive processes; for instance, the suffix -scape was first used as an analogy and later became productive (cf. Claridge 2008). This shows that there is no clear boundary between productivity and creativity and the question remains where creativity ends and productivity starts, or if a distinction between these processes can be made at all. 3. Measuring productivity (?) In connection with the above mentioned problem that it is problematic to distinguish between productivity and creativity, it is plausible that productivity is not a process which is either there or not but it rather seems to be the case that productivity can be gradually measured on a scale. Thus, we cannot explicitly say that a word-formation process is productive or unproductive, but it might be highly productive or less productive. But is it actually possible to measure how productive a given word-formation process is? This question will be discussed on the basis of various measures which have been proposed in the past. Bolinger (1948) suggested that productivity is the statistical readiness with which an element enters into new combinations (qtd. in Plag 2003: 52). This implies a quantitative notion of productivity and means that information about the type frequency of a certain process and about the number of new words which are formed by this process are necessary. Type frequency is actually the most frequent type of measure, but it is at the same time highly disputed (cf. Plag 2003: 52). It measures the number of different words formed according to a certain pattern, for example, how many different words are created with the suffix -ness. This can be done using a good dictionary, e.g. the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). The problem with this is, however, that this will not tell us anything about the synchronic use of the suffix -ness, and we only learn how productive the suffix was in the past (cf. Bauer 2001: 144). It might be the case that the process made its way into the mental lexicon in s uch a way that speakers do not regard a word-formation which was once new as unusual anymore, and therefore they do not use this process to form new words with it. Plag mentions the suffix -ment, which was employed for the coinage of many new words in the past and is still very frequent, but no longer used in the formation of new words (cf. Plag 2003: 52). Hence, if a certain type is frequent in the dictionary, it does not mean that it is productive since productivity is a phenomenon of the synchronic use of language. Another method is to count the number of neologisms that arose over a certain period of time. Again, the OED is a suitable source for this as it shows, for instance, how many new words entered the lexicon in the 20th century with the suffix -scape. This way it can be seen whether a given affix was only productive in the past or still is. However, sometimes a pattern is so productive that neologisms are likely to be overlooked (cf. Plag 2003: 53). Moreover, we have to rely on the lexicographers who composed the OED and there may be a large number of neologisms they have not seen. It is often the case that neologisms occur only once and the OED does not attest every word which has ever been written and there are certainly a large number of productive nonce-formations which never made their way into the lexicon. Moreover, neologisms which occur in spoken language should not be underestimated. The OED might be a good starting point but other sources like corpora should be taken into cons ideration as well. When measuring productivity with the help of corpora, the relation of the number of words formed by the relevant process which occur only once in the corpus (hapax legomena / hapaxes) and the total number of lexemes formed with that same process in the corpus can be examined. This approach was put forward by Baayen and Lieber (1991) who argue that given a suitable text corpus the productivity of a morphological process is the quotient of the number of hapax legomena n1 with a given affix and the total number of tokens N of all words with that affix (Plag 2004: 9), or in mathematical terms: In other words, the more hapaxes there are in the corpus, the higher is the productivity rate, and the more words with higher frequencies there are, the lower is the productivity (cf. Plag 2003: 57). Thus, productivity is characterized by large numbers of low frequency words and small numbers of high frequency words (Plag 2004: 9). The following table with productivity rates for six suffixes, calculated from the written part of the British National Corpus (BNC), illustrates this: Affix Types Tokens Hapaxes Productivity -wise 183 2091 128 0.061 -ness 2466 106957 943 0.0088 -ize 658 100496 212 0.0021 -ful (property) 154 77316 22 0.00028 -ful (measure) 136 2615 60 0.023 -able 933 140627 311 0.0022 (Plag 2003: 57) Compared to the relatively small number of tokens, the affix -wise has a high number of hapaxes and therefore a high productivity, while the affix -able is least productive because with regard to the number of tokens there are comparatively few hapaxes in the BNC. This sounds reasonable and it is indeed among the hapax legomena that the greatest number of neologisms appear (Plag 2003: 55), which was empirically tested by Plag. However, when following Baayen and Liebers approach which is based on the assumption that hapaxes correlate with neologisms, it has to be considered that in fact not all hapaxes are productive formations. What matters is the size of the corpus. In a relatively small corpus, a large number of words will be hapaxes and the majority of these hapaxes will not be the result of productive word-formation processes but well known words of the lexicon. In a corpus that is sufficiently large, like the BNC, the probability that hapaxes are unknown words and, moreover, neo logisms is much higher (cf. Plag 2003: 57), but for a small corpus the calculated productivity rates would not be representative of the actual language in use. A further problem is that Baayen and Lieber ignore type frequency. Does it mean that as soon as an item occurs more frequently in a corpus it is not the result of a productive word-formation process anymore? This is contrary to the type frequency approach which, although highly disputable, should at least be taken into consideration. When we look at the above table, we can see that the suffix -ness is attached to 2466 different bases, but the suffix -wise is only attached to 183 different types of bases. Nevertheless, -wise is supposed to be more productive because it has more hapaxes in relation to the number of tokens. Despite this, it might be the case that a large number of the remaining types occurs only few times. Types that occur only two or three times may still be productive word-formations. In fact, a query on the written part of the BNC revealed that the suffix -ness is attached to 426 types of bases which have only two tokens! Words which fall into this category are for e xample japaneseness, silveriness and windiness. They cannot be found in the dictionary and are clearly the result of a productive word-formation process. In contrast, the suffix -wise is only attached to 20 different types of bases which occur two times in the BNC. Baayen and Lieber do not take these cases into consideration. Does it mean that words which occur more than one time do not fall into the scope of productivity anymore? This assumption is fairly myopic! In order to achieve a reliable productivity measure, the proportion of both types and tokens should be taken into account, which might be achieved with the use of weighted interpolation. For example, a higher weight is assigned to hapaxes, a lower weight to word-formations which occur two times and again a lower weight to word-formations which occur three times, and so on. The sum of these weights which are multiplied by the number of tokens are then divided by the sum of tokens, which might give us a more reliable measure of productivity: where ÃŽÂ » is a different weight set for each number of tokens, n is the number of tokens and N the number of total tokens of the given word-formation process. The question which remains to be answered is where to set the threshold of productivity, i.e. how many tokens can a word have without becoming unproductive and thus, word-formation processes up to which token frequency should be included in the formula? Moreover, how should these weights be set? Answering these questions goes beyond the scope of this essay, but might be interesting for further research in the field of morphological productivity. 4. Conclusion As has been shown, the notion of morphological productivity is difficult to pinpoint. Many different viewpoints about the definition of productive word-formation processes exist throughout the literature. It already starts with the types of morphemes which are involved in word-formation and there are differing opinions about whether only formations with affixes are productive or if compounds can be included as well. Furthermore, there is controversy concerning the difference between productivity and creativity and whether productive processes are always unintentional and rule-governed while creative processes are intentional and non-rule governed. However, in this essay it was concluded that these processes are not independent but may influence each other to a certain degree. Another important question, which still needs to be answered, is whether productivity can be measured and if yes, which is the appropriate method to do so. Various methods have been presented which all have their advantages and shortcomings. While many researches focus on type frequency, this method is highly controversial and although alternative measures have been proposed they do not seem to capture the notion of productivity appropriately. The problem is that there are so many different viewpoints about what productivity actually means that it is difficult to arrive at a suitable measure. We can only measure something on the basis of a proper definition and if there are various definitions there are various corresponding measures, but it is impossible to determine which one is the ultimate. An extension to Baayen and Liebers formula has been suggested as a starting point for further research, but there still remain open questions as to how it can be applied properly.

Should This Business Update To Windows 2000 From Windows 98 :: essays research papers

Should this business update to Windows 2000 from Windows 98 for its office PCs?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the business world today, computers and the software applications that run on them basically control an well-organized business. Every major company is equipped with a computer, or network that connects through different branches throughout the firm. To keep up with the fastest technology that dominates the market is to be a sensible buyer. A system can be outdated in a matter of two years time. Therefore, it is necessary for the business to update to Windows 2000 from Windows 98 for its office PCs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Windows 2000 is intended to the business world and others who are running large networks of computers. It has a lot of things going for it, but just because it has some advantages over Windows NT and Windows 98 doesn ¡Ã‚ ¦t mean everyone should try it. My purpose here is not to evaluate the software but to counsel caution before you undertake a major operating systems update. Even though Microsoft did a good job testing thousands of business applications, there are always rough spots in a transition. In fact, Microsoft has dedicated several Web pages to upgrade issues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once if you then decide to update, do it when you can devote time to the changeover. If you have multiple machines, make the change in stages running the old operating system during the transition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, the first thing is to determine that Windows 2000 is compatible with your machines. According to Windows 2000 ¡Ã‚ ¦s description,  ¡Ã‚ §you need, at minimum, a PC with a 133-MHz Pentium-compatible CPU, 64 megabytes of RAM and one gigabyte of disk space. It is better with a faster CPU (300 MHz or better) and several gigabytes of disk space. A bit more memory would be nice too. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Therefore, some small businesses would like to upgrade Windows 2000 but they are bound by their hardware. Actually, we can say that Microsoft has done a good job of ensuring that most business applications will work with Windows 2000. But before you take the plunge, be sure all the programs you depend on are compatible with it. Major applications such as accounting, word processing and database software probably will be OK, but some specialized programs, games and multimedia applications may not be compatible.

Planning for Research Essay

Define action research. Action research in education, is a firing-line or on job type of problem-solving or research used by teachers, supervisors, and administrators to improve the quality of their decisions and actions.   It seeks more dependable and appropriate means of promoting and evaluating student growth in line with specific and general objectives and attempts to improve educational practices without reference to whether findings would be applicable beyond the group studied (Good, 1993). Explain its intended outcomes The intended outcome of action research is to improve the lives of children through education and for teacher researcher to learn more about the craft of teaching. All action researchers are committed to looking critically at what we do in our classrooms and the effects our actions have on the children in our care. Hence, the main intended outcome of action research is for educational change that enhances the lives of children. Another intended outcome is to enhance the lives of professionals.   It is largely about developing the â€Å"professional disposition† of teachers, that is, encouraging teachers to be continuous learners—in their classrooms and in their practice. This intended outcome of action research for teachers to be professional problem solvers who are committed to improving both their own practice and student outcomes provides a powerful reason to practice action research (Osterman and Kottkamp, 1993). Give examples of action research projects that researchers in your organization or field of study might engage in. Investigate the effectiveness of current math curriculum on students’ process skills and attitudes. Investigate the impact of an intervention and to monitor if it makes a difference and learn more about how best to teach math to children and to implement some of cooperative learning strategies. Monitor the impact of a new mathematics problem-solving curriculum on student performance on open-ended problem-solving questions and students’ attitudes toward mathematics in general. Investigate the perceptions of colleagues, children, and parents toward absenteeism to more fully understand why the existing policy is not having the desired outcome. References Hammersley, M. (1993). On the teacher as researcher.   Educational Action Research,    1(3), 425–441. Kottkamp, C. (1993).   The effects of action research on a teacher education community. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association Conference, New York, NY.

A purely farcical character Essay

In this essay I intend to discuss the statement â€Å"Petruchio is a purely farcical character† and far I agree with it. I intend to explore Petruchios character further to determine whether he has other side to him apart from his comical side whether he is a purely farcical character. The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy, a farcical play with a lot of the humour being about the war between the sexes, which is shown in the major theme of marriage, and men trying to tame their women. Petruchio plays a big part in this with his wooing and marriage to Katherine. Petruchio is the main character in the play aswell as Katherine and he is also one of the main farcical characters who is often witty and farcical in his speeches is portrayed as a clown with a lot of comic scenes. They are quite slapstick humour as with his wedding outfit, his outfit shows him acting the clown. The description we get of his outfit is very comical and the image of the old horse. It is his wedding day and he doesn’t take it at all seriously. Another example of his humour is in Act 1 scene 2 where Petruchio and Grumio have a comic misunderstanding at the door. All these scenes are very silly and slapstick and show Petruchio as perhaps a purely farcical character, but there are other sides to him. Deceit is a major theme in The Taming of the Shrew, with many of the characters in disguise. Petruchio is one character who doesn’t swap identities with another character as we see with Lucentio and Tranio, but he does have a different disguise. He plays a role to tame Katherine and marry her so that he can be wealthy. He tricks her into believing he is a cruel man and he tells the audience this in one of his speeches (iv line 159-178). He tells them of his plans to deceive her and cure her of her shrewish ways and so she will become the dutiful wife and a lady. He does imply in this speech that he himself will also have to suffer in order to tame her (line 170-178) Petruchios character is quite deceitful and he does admit this to the audience. He is so deceitful he almost fools the audience into believing he is being himself. But he can’t be as he keeps informing them of his plans to deceive Katherine, so he obviously is not the man he portrays himself as. In the presence of his friends he is quite humorous as again with the scene where Petruchio and Grumio have the comical misunderstanding. With his friends he is more himself and is honest about what he wants, married, happy, and wealthy in Padua.

Jupiter and its Moons essays

Jupiter and its Moons essays Jupiter, the largest of the Jovian planets, reigns supreme throughout the solar system. Named after the Roman god Jove, the ruler of Olympus; "Jupiter is the fifth planet from the sun and is also the largest planet in the Earth's solar system. It is 318 times moremassive than Earth and is two thirds of the planetary mass in the solar system. Jupiter's surface, unlike earth, is gaseous and not a solid. It is about 90% hydrogen and 10% helium with traces of methane, ammonia, water and rock. Jupiter's interior is very similar to the Sun's interior but with a far lower temperature."(Columbia) However, it is still unknown for certain, but Jupiter is believed to have a core of liquid metallic hydrogen. This exotic element can only be achieved at a pressure greater than 4 million bars. Jupiter radiates more energy in space than it receives from the sun. "Jupiter's orbit lies beyond the asteroid belt at a mean distance of c.483 million mi (773 million km) from the sun; its period of revolution is 11.86 years." (Seeds) In order from the sun it is the first of the Jovian planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune), very large, massive planets of relatively low density, having rapid rotation and a thick, opaque atmosphere. "Jupiter has a diameter of 88,679 mi (142,800 km), more than 11 times that of the earth. Its mass is 318 times that of the earth and about 2 1/2 times the mass of allother planets combined." (Columbia) A measurement of the diameter of Jupiter determined the planet's polar flattening. The flattening of Jupiter was revealed by Pioneer to be slightly greater than that derived from the best Earth-based measurements. "The diameter of the planet was measured at a pressure of 800 mbar near the cloud tops (a bar is roughly equal to the pressure of 1 atm of Earth). Its polar diameter is 133,540 km (82,980 miles) and its equatorial diameter is142, 796 kilometers (88,73...

Free Essays on Legal

Kelley v. Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois Kelley v. Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois is a court case pertaining to the cut of the men’s swim team at the University of Illinois in regards to Title IX. Some men on the swim team felt that by their team being cut and not the women’s swim team also being cut that it was a violation of Title IX. Those men then took legal actions against the University. Female participation at the University of Illinois has always been disproportionate to the female undergraduate enrollment. So, when the school was faced with a $600,000 athletic budget deficit the school decided to cut some sports programs. The school cut four teams- men’s swimming, men’s fencing, and men’s and women’s diving. While the University’s decision to cut athletic programs was motivated by budget considerations, other considerations- including the need to comply with Title IX- influenced the selection of particular programs to be terminated. The men on the swim team argued that â€Å"if a university is required by Title IX to eliminate men from varsity competition†¦, then the same Title IX should require the university to eliminate women from the academic departments where they are over-represented and men from departments where they have been over-represented. Such a result would be ridiculous.† The plaintiffs believe that the substantial proportionality test contained in the agency’s policy interpretation of that regulation establishes a gender-based quota system. The plaintiffs also argued that the university’s decision to eliminate the men’s swimming program while retaining the women’s program denied them equal protection of the law as guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. Plaintiffs contend that the applicable rules allow â€Å"the University to†¦ improve its statistics without adding any opportunities for women†¦,† an outcome they suggest is unconstitut... Free Essays on Legal Free Essays on Legal Identity is socially constructed in contemporary American society, it’s important to establish the clear meaning for constructionism to understand it. Identity is constructed through social, political, legal, scientific, and other practices. From this traditional perspective, differences and stereotypes among people are created through social processes. Identity is a very important part of today’s society. For example, in the school environment, if we humanize the students to find common threads that bind us together, and respect the differences in each of our cultures, students will feel empowered to continue exploring their own identities and weave it on. Traditional notions of identity are explained in depth in Jorge Duany’s article entitled, â€Å"On Borders and Boundaries: Contemporary Thinking in Cultural Identity.† He talks about the intense ideological and emotional overtones of the question of national identity in Puerto Rico and elsewhere. In the reading there is a quote that talks about identity being derived from history, culture, and language. This is what is thought to be the traditional way of seeing identity. Identities are constructed in a certain formation rather than fixed from birth or through an individual’s life cycle. This notion is challenged, and I believe that â€Å"structuralist thinkers view the construction of cultural identities as a process of erecting symbolic boundaries and narrating stories to represent the self and the other.† A perfect illustration of identity as a social construction is with the artist Shakira. She just crossed over into mainstream American entertainment, this is a business where you have to look a certain way all the time and act a certain way. There are many people that will argue that they preferred Shakira when she just sang in Spanish and had her dark hair with red streaks. Now that she crossed into the mainstream, her image has changed completely; s he is the d... Free Essays on Legal Kelley v. Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois Kelley v. Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois is a court case pertaining to the cut of the men’s swim team at the University of Illinois in regards to Title IX. Some men on the swim team felt that by their team being cut and not the women’s swim team also being cut that it was a violation of Title IX. Those men then took legal actions against the University. Female participation at the University of Illinois has always been disproportionate to the female undergraduate enrollment. So, when the school was faced with a $600,000 athletic budget deficit the school decided to cut some sports programs. The school cut four teams- men’s swimming, men’s fencing, and men’s and women’s diving. While the University’s decision to cut athletic programs was motivated by budget considerations, other considerations- including the need to comply with Title IX- influenced the selection of particular programs to be terminated. The men on the swim team argued that â€Å"if a university is required by Title IX to eliminate men from varsity competition†¦, then the same Title IX should require the university to eliminate women from the academic departments where they are over-represented and men from departments where they have been over-represented. Such a result would be ridiculous.† The plaintiffs believe that the substantial proportionality test contained in the agency’s policy interpretation of that regulation establishes a gender-based quota system. The plaintiffs also argued that the university’s decision to eliminate the men’s swimming program while retaining the women’s program denied them equal protection of the law as guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment. Plaintiffs contend that the applicable rules allow â€Å"the University to†¦ improve its statistics without adding any opportunities for women†¦,† an outcome they suggest is unconstitut...

How to Write About Ranges

How to Write About Ranges How to Write About Ranges How to Write About Ranges By Mark Nichol A range is, in written expression, the numerical difference between or among two or more values, or a pair of elements denoting the end points on, and perhaps one or more elements along, a continuum. Using sentences with errors in expressing ranges, this post discusses how to correctly do so in writing. The school enrolls students in grades 9 12. The correct treatment of a range numbers expressed in numerals is one number followed by an en dash (although some publications employ a hyphen) and another number, with no letter spaces: â€Å"The school enrolls students in grades 9–12.† This style, with a numeral range, is correct even when a publication uses a style system in which references to numbers are usually spelled out if the number is one hundred or less. However, if the range is expressed with to (or through) instead of a dash, the numbers should, in that case, be spelled out: â€Å"The school enrolls students in grades nine to twelve.† Operating hours are from 9 a.m.–10 p.m. If from precedes the expression of a number range, to, rather than a dash, should intervene between the two values: â€Å"Operating hours are from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m.† (If a dash is preferred, delete from: â€Å"Operating hours are 9 a.m.–10 p.m.†) Only a handful of school districts within a 30-40 mile radius rank among the top twenty-five school districts. The solution for this example is not simply to replace the hyphen with a dash; the range must be recast as shown here: â€Å"Only a handful of school districts within a 30- to 40-mile radius rank among the top twenty-five school districts.† The expressed range is not â€Å"30–40†; it is â€Å"a 30-mile radius to 40-mile radius,† with the first value truncated to the number and a suspensive hyphenation. (This range can also be expressed â€Å"a radius of 30 to 40 miles.†) Qualifying businesses are those with revenues of $10–$20 billion. This sentence suggests that the low end of the range is $10, rather than $10 billion. Except in the case of suspensive hyphenation, values should be fully expressed: â€Å"Qualifying businesses are those with revenues of $10 billion–$20 billion.† The sanctions impact the economy broadly, affecting business transactions ranging from the import of airplanes; the export of caviar, carpets, and pistachios; and the manufacturing of cars. The sequence of phrases specifying trade and production of goods does not constitute a list; it is a range that includes three elements. From must be complemented by to, and the semicolons are extraneous and intrusive: â€Å"The sanctions impact the economy broadly, affecting business transactions ranging from the import of airplanes to the export of caviar, carpets, and pistachios and the manufacturing of cars.† These range from restricting access for the sanctioned entity to the US financial system, to prohibitions on investing in a sanctioned entity, to restrictions on imports from the sanctioned entity, to the exclusion from the U.S. of controlling officers or controlling shareholders of a sanctioned entity. Elements consisting of a sequence of phrases indicating a range and beginning with one element preceded by from and one or more subsequent elements preceded by to should not be interrupted by punctuation: â€Å"These sanctions range from restricting access for the sanctioned entity to the US financial system to prohibitions on investing in a sanctioned entity to restrictions on imports from the sanctioned entity to the exclusion from the United States of controlling officers or controlling shareholders of a sanctioned entity.† If the sentence is not clear without punctuation, recast the sentence. In many cases, including the sentence used as an example here, the use of from and to as signifiers of a range is not necessary, as a given sequence may not necessarily indicate a range that implies priority of one phrase over another. (Here, the sequence does not explicitly express increasingly strict sanctions, though they may be inferred to be so.) When this is true, simply revise the sentence to express a simple list: â€Å"These sanctions include restricting access for the sanctioned entity to the US financial system, prohibitions on investing in a sanctioned entity, restrictions on imports from the sanctioned entity, and the exclusion from the United States of controlling officers or controlling shareholders of a sanctioned entity.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive AtHow to Pronounce MobileTrooper or Trouper?

The Philosophy that truth makes you free Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Philosophy that truth makes you free - Essay Example I live by this philosophy. I believe that it is every important for your every action to have a strong ethical and moral reasoning. You are always first answerable to yourself and then to others. If you are not ethically and morally correct, it is very difficult to be in peace with yourself. The above philosophy is not always easy to follow. There are many instances where an easy thing to do under a circumstance might not be morally or ethically correct. Also the easier way out might also have immediate consequences that can be beneficial. But in a long run, you end up in trouble or at loss. Hence, I strictly believe in doing the right thing rather than the easier one. Doing the right thing is not very easy. As easier way out has immediate benefits, doing the right thing might have negative consequences immediately. Hence, it is very tempting to take the easier way out. If not, you might end up hurting your closed ones and cause trouble to yourself. But over time the dots will connec t and the right thing to do always turns out to be beneficial. I always try to do what is morally and ethically right. Also the above main philosophy branches out into smaller philosophies which I follow. I never judge anybody. I believe that an enemy or an opposition is just someone with a different view point.

Is this a great essay or what Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is this a great or what - Essay Example It is a kind of printed appearances on topical contemporary questions. In fact, it is the time in Twain’s life and work, which is marked by satirical rage, bitterness, and despair, sharply contrasting with the prevailing view of the writer as a laughing humorist, which has been living in the readers’ minds for a long time, and making late Twain one of the truly tragic figures of American culture. In particular, in his essay â€Å"The Damned Human Race† he questions the status of man as a supreme being in the hierarchy of living creatures of planet Earth. In typical to him unmasking manner of that period of creativity, Mark Twain brings into being a great American essay extremely conforming to the standards of writing an essay according to Lapham’s notion. The first obvious Lapham’s norm, which is brightly represented in Twain’s â€Å"The Damned Human Race†, is writing an assay as a depiction of thoughts through their audition on the paper or any other way. It is some sort of improvisation, or rather a flurry of speculations on a concrete acute topic. As we can see from the analyzed essay, Twain represents his own vision, his own understanding of the origin of a mankind through making contrasts of parallel lines of behavior patterns of human beings and animals. His striking and challenging idea becomes that particular fact that comes from his own supervisions and serves as an unpredictable concept, which makes people’s minds to protest or question their precede knowledge of the issue. And this is a specific feature of an improvisational manner of reflections. The central point for Twain’s argument against the highest nature of men is their cruelty, meanness, and consumer nature in comparison with hig her principles of animals’ existence, dictated by the laws of nature only. In a point of Twain’s fact, humans enslave each other on the basis of dependence and money ranking; kill dissidents and representatives of other religious

Reaction paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reaction paper 2 - Essay Example Ray Eddy resorts to conduct illegal business after her husband left with all the family savings. Eddy and her two children no longer can survive on the meagre wages she gets from her stores. She meets Lila, who lately, has been in the business of smuggling immigrants. The two movies have remarkable contrasts. The essay illustrates key differences evident in the two films. The first difference between the two films relates to their production. Karate Kid is a Hollywood film. The production was courtesy of Sony Pictures, which makes it a major studio film (Horn 1). Frozen river, on the contrary, was a production of the Cohen Media Group company. Other companies credited for the film’s production are Harwood Hunt Productions and Off Hollywood Pictures. Its run time is 98 minutes. That is contrary to the Karate Kid that has a runtime of 2 hours 20 minutes. There is a remarkable difference in the manner in which viewers are represented in the two films. That explains the differences in which eurocentrism operates in the two films. Eurocentrism relates to perceptions of exceptionalism of Europe that developed to a worldview after western civilization. Hollywood, over a long time, has promoted the concept of Eurocentrism in most movies and films. In essence, such films depict the perceived supremacy that Europe holds. Eurocentrism is evident in the Karate Kid depicted through its characters. It implies that common notion of superiority evident in Dre to learn and compete with peers, who were initially superior. That emphasizes eurocentrism being that the two characters, Dre and Wang are from different regions. That differs from the depiction of characters in the Frozen River. The film does not reveal Eurocentrism and aspects of superiority. There is difference in the manner in which non-White main characters in the two films

Strategic Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Management - Assignment Example Its manufacturing division has 42 food plants and it operates in over 750 stores directly or through subsidiaries (Kroger, 2011). Vision, Mission & Values of Kroger The Kroger Co., one of the leaders in the retail industry has a strong vision and mission statement with people being the first priority in its business. The vision statement of the company should be ‘It’s all for the people’. The company’s main focus is serving the customer, the people of the society with different types of supports for the community. The core value for the firm is to do business with honesty and telling the truth to the associates and customers. With its integration of a mix cultured people in the workplace the company respect the values and opinions off all its employees (Kroger, 2011). To be the leader in the retail industry with its variety of services The Kroger Co. is also involved in social community activities because they believe that it’s the people for whom th ey work so they must respect and care for the community. Every year the company invests on hundreds of communities for various social causes for the betterment of the society. In the past 3 years the total investment is around $8 million in the areas of education, diversity, community needs, women’s health and fight against hunger campaigns. Kroger understands its importance as it is also beneficial for the business process. Kroger being one of the leaders who wants to be the top ranked retailer needs to be in the mind of the people with the positive impacts from its social activities served towards the community (Kroger-a, 2011, p.2). Internal and External Analysis SWOT Analysis SWOT is the acronym for the internal Strength and Weakness for the company and the external Opportunities and the Threats from other firms. Through this technique the company understands its situation in the market and its possible opportunities and the threats from the market. The company’s m ain aim is to maximize the strength and opportunities while minimizing the weakness and the threats. Kroger with about 2486 supermarket and multi-departmental stores over 31 states has a strong position in the US market. It mainly concentrates in the grocery and the food retailing sector. With its attractive location and variety of products and competing price, Kroger holds a strong market position. But the company faces intense competition from player in the retail market like Wal-Mart Stores, The Home Depot and Costco Companies. On the other hand the consolidation in the food market segment has a big competition in the US retail chain market and affects the market share and profit margin. Food contamination is another issue which can harm a brands image. Expansion of the company in different sectors like the finance market is a great opportunity for the firm. The personal finance brand of Kroger helps the people to avail an easy way to buy through grocery banking. As a threat the slowing economy and the higher level of inflation affecting the food industry as it increases the transport cost and thus affecting the price of food. Cost sensitive customers may shift to low cost food products which will affect the profit margin. Figure 1: SWOT Analysis (Source: Author’s creation) PESTLE Analysis Pestle analysis is the tool to understand the market scenario and the external

NAFTA Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

NAFTA Case Study - Essay Example Nevertheless, this was required if Magma was to survive in the new business climate. In particular with the reduction in tariffs in the Mexican auto sector, how should Magma respond? To being with there are problems and opportunities. How should Magma respond to the problems is a good first question. The problem for its managers is that although there are very low wage employees available there, the Mexican infrastructure and business climate is not easy to work with. Plus, the employees may not cost much, but you get what you pay for (in some respects)—many are not highly skilled. The question facing Magma’s managers is whether it should follow many of the other manufacturers to Mexico. In some ways, this is not such a big problem. The sort of problems Magma foresees in Mexico are not so different than problems facing its competitors and its customers. Everyone is going to have the same limitations. All companies are going to invest in Mexico, but very few are going to jump in with both feet first. Magma should take a cautious approach and should especially review the history of Volkswagen starting up its factory in Mexico. Magma can’t avoi d having zero presence in Mexico, but it should not immediately put all its eggs in one basket. Shifting a small part of its business to Mexico during a trial period would provide managers with more information on which to base a later decision. Going it slow in the beginning is important, but Mexico offers a lot of opportunities to Magma. If predictions hold up, a lot of car manufacturing is going to be done in Mexico in the next few years. While there are a lot of initial problems, none of them are all that structural. The fact that employees are not skilled is a temporary one as is the problem of low-grade steel. It will take time for the market to adjust, but it will adjust, and Mexico will become more competitive. The

Program Evaluation Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Program Evaluation Design - Assignment Example onvert it’s mission and vision into reality by increasing the awareness about pancreatic cancer, concentrating on advanced research, obtaining sustained support from government, supporting the patients with pancreatic cancers and their families. The organization propagates the feel that everyone should fight and end pancreatic cancer. This program evaluation design follows a descriptive study design. According to an article Project Star (2006), descriptive study design enables to find out whether the chosen program is operating as planned, it provides feedback about the program implementation and progress, find out whether the program is producing the desired output, find out whether the goals and objectives have been achieved. Hence this report intends to adopt descriptive evaluation design to evaluate the community outreach program of the chosen non profit organization. The stakeholders responsible for the success of this organization are the volunteers, healthcare professionals, researchers, survivors and donors. By their active involvement, these people are creating a difference in the community of pancreatic cancer. According to the official website of this organization, â€Å"the majority of cancer research is paid for by the federal government and that †¦ U.S. Senators and Representatives get to decide how much is spent each year† (www.pancan.org). The major corporate stakeholders are Z Gallerie, Tempur Pedic and Hockey. Apart from these there are 75 other affiliates who assist in the initiatives of the organization and it’s community outreach program. The organization also undertakes efforts to increase federal research funding through advocacy efforts in National Cancer Institute and in Washington. The community outreach program has been the most active program of the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network organization. According to an article in the official website, â€Å"The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network started as a small volunteer effort to

NAFTA Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

NAFTA Case Study - Essay Example Nevertheless, this was required if Magma was to survive in the new business climate. In particular with the reduction in tariffs in the Mexican auto sector, how should Magma respond? To being with there are problems and opportunities. How should Magma respond to the problems is a good first question. The problem for its managers is that although there are very low wage employees available there, the Mexican infrastructure and business climate is not easy to work with. Plus, the employees may not cost much, but you get what you pay for (in some respects)—many are not highly skilled. The question facing Magma’s managers is whether it should follow many of the other manufacturers to Mexico. In some ways, this is not such a big problem. The sort of problems Magma foresees in Mexico are not so different than problems facing its competitors and its customers. Everyone is going to have the same limitations. All companies are going to invest in Mexico, but very few are going to jump in with both feet first. Magma should take a cautious approach and should especially review the history of Volkswagen starting up its factory in Mexico. Magma can’t avoi d having zero presence in Mexico, but it should not immediately put all its eggs in one basket. Shifting a small part of its business to Mexico during a trial period would provide managers with more information on which to base a later decision. Going it slow in the beginning is important, but Mexico offers a lot of opportunities to Magma. If predictions hold up, a lot of car manufacturing is going to be done in Mexico in the next few years. While there are a lot of initial problems, none of them are all that structural. The fact that employees are not skilled is a temporary one as is the problem of low-grade steel. It will take time for the market to adjust, but it will adjust, and Mexico will become more competitive. The

Women in Politics Essay Example for Free

Women in Politics Essay It has been proven over and over many times that women have the abilities to do the same jobs as men, but as a society we tend to discourage women when they are trying to get in the fields of politics and government. No longer is the excuse that family is what is pulling women back when it comes to job opportunities, it is what society has chosen as what roles women should and shouldn’t take part in. The more we encourage women in running for offices, the more there will be women in office, and therefore we would have a broader view of issues that need to be solved. If the United States marches proudly on how its state’s people are equal and the government diversified why is that women only hold less than 20% of congressional seats, when the women population is approximately 161 million while the male population is 156.1 million? Surprisingly enough, the percentage of voters that were women in the U.S was 63.7% comparing that to men, which were 59.7%. Why are not more women being supportive of their fellow women? The benefits of having more women in office not only show how far we have come as a country but it has been proven that women who run for office have more bills passed that deal with issues like the environment, families, civil rights, and violence prevention. â€Å"Other studies have found that women legislators—both Republican and  Democrat—introduce a lot more bills than men in the areas of civil rights and liberties, education, health, labor and more.  Globally, research has shown that ethnically diverse and divided nations that elect women rather than men to key national leadership offices end up with better economic performance† (Hill). Women can bring issues of importance that men feel are not as important. This does not mean that men are inferior or ignorant of the issues; it is just the matter of different  perspectives. With more women in office, more issues can be brought to light. This introduces the people with more options to vote for and bills to pass that will help families and the economy. If all the science calculates the benefits of women in government, the only thing that hasn’t been put into consideration is society’s view on a women role. Since the dawn of ages, we have lived in a patriarchal family where men are in charge of the business and bringing food to the table, while women care and nurture for the children and her husband. â€Å"In patriarchally organized societies, masculine values become the ideological structure of the society as a whole. Masculinity thus becomes â€Å"innately† valuable and femininity serves a contrapuntal function to delineate and magnify the hierarchical dominance of masculinity† (Devor 393). When the people see a man and women running for the same position, they look to the man as having more â€Å"power† and â€Å"authority† which can then lead them to believe they can handle and control situations better. As a society we believe that the women should be submissive, and men to be dominate. When women in the workplace are more demanding they are perceived as â€Å"bossy† and having a rude manner, but when men act the same way, we let them be because we are so used to the idea of them being more assertive. These are the biases and stereotypes we as a society need to change in order to see that anyone can do the same job. A politicians gender shouldn’t effect their work habits. In media women are perceived as â€Å"emotional† and that their intentions are only focused in family issues, when in reality that is not the case. In order for society to give women opportunities in our government, we the people need to reevaluate our own thinking and perceptions. We as a society need to encourage our women to run for offices in government. According to the WCF foundation, number one reason why there are so few women in power is because on average women candidates tend to raise less money for fundraising comparing to their male counterparts. Also, on the off-chance that media isn’t reporting about the private life of a women running in office, women tend to get less media coverage, especially on the issues they are concerned with. â€Å"†¦media reports on womens issues—like abortion and birth control—men are quoted some five  times more than women are. And that affects the coverage of women in politics† (Dawn). If we can just get more media coverage on how women can contribute to politics on issues not just family issues, we can illuminate a way for people to see broader issues that need to be tended. In order for our country and people to work together we must take inconsideration of diversity in the government. The way we think and our patriarchal system needs to be reformed. As Jennifer Lawless said, â€Å"Its important that we separate out political conditions from the sex of the candidate because otherwise were just perpetuating this myth that women cant get elected. If we are continuously focusing on gender and the person who is in charge and not their ideals or what issues they are trying to combat, then we lose focus of a ‘government’. Strong- female politicians can also set an example to younger generations in the future, and create a more efficient government. Works Cited Dawn, Aurora. Percentage of Women in Government Worldwide. The Gender Gap. Daily Kos, 27 Sept. 2012. Web. 13 Feb. 2015. Devor, Aaron H. â€Å"Becoming Members of Society: Learning the Social Meanings of Gender.† Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Ninth ed. Boston: Bedford/St.Martins, 1992. 387-396. Print. Giang, Vivian. What Men And Women Really Think About Gender Equality In The Workplace. Business Insider. Business Insider, Inc, 21 Aug. 2013. Web. 16 Nov. 2014. Hill, Steven. Why Does the US Still Have So Few Women in Office? Why Does the US Still Have So Few Women in Office? The Nation, 7 Mar. 2014. Web. 11 Feb. 2015. Kimmel, Michael. â€Å"Bros before Hos: The Guy Code.† Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Ninth ed. Boston: Bedford/St.Martins, 1992. 461-470. Print. Waber, Ben. What Data Analytics Says About Gender Inequality in the Workplace. Bloomberg Business Week. Bloomberg, 30 Jan. 2014. Web. 16 Nov. 2014. Women by the Numbers. Infoplease. Infoplease, n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2015.

Chinese Nationalism In The 19th And 20th Centuries History Essay

Chinese Nationalism In The 19th And 20th Centuries History Essay Chinese nationalism in the 19th and 20th centuries followed a very different suit than Japans Shà µwa evolution. Similar to Perrys significance in Edo in 1894, the First Anglo-Chinese War (1839-1842) was a significant introduction of Western moral realism and imperialist influence in China. To a larger extent than Japan, Chinas nationalisms were largely born of domestic adversity from influential Chinese figures. Sun Yat-sen once declared: In order to restore our national independence, we must first restore the Chinese nation. In order to restore the Chinese nation, we must drive the barbarian Manchus back to the Changbai Mountains. In order to get rid of the barbarians, we must first overthrow the present tyrannical, dictatorial, ugly, and corrupt Qing government. Fellow countrymen, a revolution is the only means to overthrow the Qing government! Known often as The Father of Nationalism, Sun played a huge part in securing Chinese national identity and overthrowing the reactionary cultural grip of the Quing dynasty. Co-founder of the KMT, Sun set the tone for Maos adoption of Chinese Marxism and the progression to Maoism. The main concern for the Kuomintang, were that its policies and figures inside the party were too varying; that unanimous decisions were a rarity. After the 1911 revolution, the official definition of Chinese was expanded to include non-Han ethnicities as part of a united Chinese nation although Michael Lynch seems to suggest this was due mainly to the realisation that a far too narrow definition of China and being Chinese would result in a loss of important Eastern territory, and that the Manchus were too immersed to be considered an outside group. By the end of the nineteenth century, dichotomies were already proliferating to explain how Chinese orthodoxy could be maintained while importing knowledge from abroad, such as Self sufficiency as essence, promote sincerity as function, defence as essence, war as function, rely on industry for essence, rely on commerce for function, and metaphysics  [1]  for essence, economics for function  [2]  . The best-known example of this is found in Zhang Zhidong (1837-1909), the late Qing dynasty self-strengthening governor general of Hubei and Hunan, who advocated achieving state power through the construction of railroads, heavy industry and a foreign policy based on the balancing principle of use barbarians to control barbarians. His Exhortation to Study, written in 1898, is commonly identified with the ti-yong call to appropriate Western functional knowledge to preserve Chinese essence . As such language demonstrates, the discussion by the self-strengtheners of the Qing dynasty of local military, political and economic issues in terms of world order was already typical of what sociologists would call a globalistic mentality  [3]  . It is this mentality that made it possible for Kang Youweis fellow reformer, Liang Qichao, to import the Chinese term for nationalism from Japan, in articles he wrote between 1899 and 1901.  [4]   After the fall of the Qing, the claim to be able to use Western functional knowledge to preserve Chinese essence remained at the centre of the claim to legitimacy made by nationalist and communist elites. When president Yuan Shikai tried to make himself emperor during the early years of the Chinese Republic, he did so by reviving Confucianism as the state ideology. Sun Yatsen, the National Father, maintained a strong aversion to cosmopolitanism and a belief in the revival of Chinese tradition throughout his life. Chiang Kaishek continued this when he combined propagation of Suns nationalist orthodoxy of the Three Principles of the People with the Confucian morality of the New Life movement after the 1927 Northern Expedition left much of the former empire under Nationalist control. This ideological strategy even survived under the KMT in Taiwan, until the islands democratisation in the 1980s made it unsustainable. The state-centric nature of the fluid international situation described by the three worlds was developed further by the revival of the formula of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, namely: respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty; mutual non-aggression; mutual non-interference in internal affairs; equality and mutual benefit; and peaceful coexistence. This has a certain resonance in domestic politics because the Five Priniciples formula is attributed to Zhou Enlai, reinforcing continuity with the popular face of the CCPs past and making a ready counterpart to Zhous Four Modernisations. When Deng revived the slogan of seeking truth from facts during the leadership struggle in September 1978  [5]  he presented Maos theory of the three worlds as useful in domestic politics for distinguishing the correct attitude of maintaining the international conditions that enable the importation of foreign capital, technology and know-how, as opposed to the incorrect branding of economic relations with other countries as a kind of national betrayal  [6]  . Over the years that followed, references to both proletarian internationalism and the three worlds were to be eclipsed by the Five Principles, which came to encapsulate the sovereignty-centred nature of PRC foreign policy. The Communists, too, had to reconcile their Chinese identity with the promise of modernity offered by socialist internationalism. Mao Zedong is said to have achieved the sinification of Marxism. When he claimed leadership of the United Front in the conflict with Japan, he presented the CCP as the true inheritor of what he considered to be the essence of a splendid old culture that was created during the long period of Chinese history and which could be used selectively to develop the new national culture.  [7]  Not only did Mao advocate learning from socialist cultures, but also from capitalist countries in the Age of Enlightenment. Yet, at the same time, he warned, We should not gulp any of this foreign material down uncritically, but must treat it as we do our food-first chewing it, then submitting it to the working of the stomach and intestines with their juices and secretions, and separating it into nutriment to be absorbed and waste matter to be discarded-before it can nouri sh us  [8]   The dilemma of balancing the preservation of political orthodoxy with learning from abroad is even clearer under reform and opening. Chinas leaders since Mao have always been careful to balance the importation of investment and know-how from abroad with a call to build socialism with Chinese characteristics and socialist spiritual civilization, and to insist that the nation combats the tendency of worshipping things foreign, or fawning on foreigners.  [9]   To search for logical consistency in this discourse, however, is to overlook how such actors are not concerned with talking to philosophical circles. The issues they address are essentially political, in the sense that there is no possibility of a logical solution, only the hope of achieving some kind of social compromise. As Zhang Zhidong realised at the end of the Qing dynasty, it is humiliation at the hands of foreigners that provides the conditions under which the apparently incommensurable positions of dogmatic conservatives and radical reformers can be reconciled. Zhang did this by reducing Confucianism to a symbol of loyalty rather than a practical guide for living. In the same way, Chinas leaders under reform and opening have reduced socialism to a symbol of patriotic loyalty, while the technological and market orthodoxies of globalisation have been introduced as the guide for policy. The condition for achieving this, however, is to portray the nation as threatened and humili ated by a coalition of enemies within and abroad, from which only the CCP can promise deliverance. It is thus that the legacy of the impact of colonialism and civil war has made possible the discourse on nationalism and globalisation that is so central to Chinese politics at the start of the new millennium. As for upholding Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought, this does not refer to the ideas of the man who had engineered the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution and internationalism. It meant remembering the leader who had allowed the Chinese people to stand up in 1949, the statesman who had formulated the strategy of differentiating the three worlds and personally ushered in a new stage in Sino-American and Sino-Japanese relations. These elements of Maos heritage were further elaborated when the orthodox version of the past appeared in the form of the Resolution on CCP History (1949-81), two years later. In this document, the essence of Mao Zedong thought was presented as the principles to seek truth from facts, the mass line, and independence. The first of these had already become a safer formula than thought emancipation, because it could be presented to mean that the answers to Chinas problems have to be found in Chinese experience and not in foreign teaching. The mass li ne, which had traditionally meant that the Party should canvass the opinions of the general population when developing its policies, was now presented as proof that the Party exists and fights for the interests of the people. Independence was taken to represent Maos belief that China must find its own path to modernity, rejecting any kind of interference in national sovereignty

Endocrine Disruption :: The Endocrine System

The endocrine system is very dynamic and has ties to most, if not all of the other major systems of the body. It is responsible for production of hormones and the regulation of them as well. These hormones act as chemical messengers within the body. Through several differing mechanisms, they are able to trigger very specific responses in target cells or organs. This is what enables the endocrine system to guide growth, development, reproduction, and behavior, among many others as well. The hormones produced from the endocrine system come from a wide range of different places. Among those responsible for hormone production are the glands and a few organs as well. The glands that are involved are the pituitary, thyroid, thymus, parathyroid, and adrenal. The organs, which also play a vital part, are the pancreas, gonads, kidneys, heart, and parts of the digestive tract. All these different glands or organs work together in the production of certain hormones. Those produced in one location will almost always have an effect on many other areas of the body, not just the surrounding tissues. An analogy that fits very well with the study of the endocrine system is that of a message in a bottle. We can think of the body as a river, and a specific hormone may be a bottle containing a message. The organs or glands mentioned above would manufacture the â€Å"bottles'; (hormones) that would be released into the river (blood stream). If there were no receptor sites for the hormones in the body, then they would continue to flow along the river and probably not make their destination. However, there are systems of receptor sites that enable specific hormones to bind in specific places. Structure also plays a major role in determining which hormones are able to bind to which receptors. When these â€Å"messages in bottles'; reach their appointed destination, the binding into the receptor site causes a cascade of reactions to occur. It is these reactions that are vital in maintaining our homeostasis. Many times the binding of the receptor site causes a direct expression of a certain gene. This is where endocrine disrupters can exert major damage. In addition to gene expression, endocrine disrupters cause havoc in many other areas of the body. What exactly are endocrine disrupting chemicals? Endocrine disrupters are chemical agents that produce reversible or irreversible effects in individuals or populations by interfering with hormone function.

Bushs Address To Congress - Environment, Charity, and Education :: American America History

Bush's Address To Congress - Environment, Charity, and Education After this year's chaotic election, the country is divided and furious. It is up to our new president to heal the wounds. To do so, it is obvious he must alter his original plans a bit to make the entire nation, both liberals and conservatives, content. Naturally, the first chance he had to express his plans to congress and the rest of the country was immensely important, as it could have been a uniting or dividing step. Luckily, it appeared as though Bush was trying his best to compromise on many issues. I believe his address was a step in a consolidating direction. Three issues of utmost importance to the American people are the status of the environment, charity and the poor, and the education of their children. What was Bush's stance on these three issues, and how will his attitude towards them affect America? Bush said that he aimed to clean up toxic wastes and fully fund the Land and Water Conservation Fund. He also proposed that 4.9 billion dollars will go to cleaning and maintaining our national parks. Clearly, he wishes to do a great deal of good for the environment, although helping the environment to such a high extent is not a traditional Republican view. (The Democrats did not have anything to say about Bush's environmental program in their response; they focused on his tax cut plan.) However, if he desires to unite America, helping the environment is a great way to do so. I cannot think of anyone who would turn down the idea of having cleaner water and fresher air. I think the condition of the environment could very well improve during the four years Bush is in office. The Land and Water Conservation Fund will know best what to do with the massive amount of money they will be granted. I am concerned about the protection of animals though- Bush has expressed a desire to clean the environment, but only those areas that pertain to Americans and their living conditions. It would be wonderful to be rid of toxic brown fields, but what about the depletion of the ozone layer? What about rapidly diminishing species of animals? Will Bush attempt to help these areas of the environment, or is he simply planning on excluding them? I hope he is, and that he neglected to mention them in his address to congress simply because he didn't have enough time, or else the environment will suffer more than it will gain from his presidency.

Dramatic irony Essay

Chapter 18/19 is a link between the first stage of Pips ‘Great Expectations’ and the third stage. Pip is in the 4th year of Pip’s apprenticeship to Joe. A stranger unexpectedly approaches with bullying legal manners. The stranger is Jaggers, a London Lawyer, who announces that Pip has inherited ‘great expectations’ and therefore great fortune from a mysterious benefactor. He will now have to leave the forge and be educated as a gentleman. Pip is warned that the terms of the contract. He must not seek to know the name of the benefactor, and must also keep his nickname of ‘Pip’. This reminds us that there will be continuity between the apprentice and the gentleman. Due to circumstantial evidence Pip assumes, and is convinced that Miss Havisham is his benefactor. (Miss Havisham is a wealthy spinster, turned fanatical and cruel, after being jilted on her wedding day. He spent many childhood days at her house-Satis house to play with Pip’s ‘love’, Estella, her adopted daughter-regardless of being made bitter hearted by Havisham). He remembers seeing Jaggers at Satis house and notes that his tutor to be Matthew Pocket. It is best if she is his benefactor as they are ‘related’. This is the only way he can be a ‘real’ gentleman. However, Jaggers warns us that we have no authority for this opinion. Joe refuses to accept compensation for the loss of his apprentice, Pip. He exclaims â€Å"Pip is that hearty welcome†¦to go free with his services, to honour, and fortun’ as no words can tell him. But if you think money can compensate to me for the loss of the little child-what come to the forge-and ever the best of friends! – -â€Å"This tells us that Pip’s happiness and wellbeing is genuinely important to Joe, he has no qualms about the ‘greater opportunities’ that Pip can gain. Not only are they relatives, on a more sincere level, they are good friends too. Pip is very happy about the fact that he is going to finally be able to follow his ambitions of becoming a gentleman. Before he goes he notices something, â€Å"I saw Joe†¦he never smoked so late, and it seemed to hint to me that he wanted comforting, for some reason or another†. His recognition is hindered by the reason that he can not understand how much Joe cares about him, or why he is even sad, this signifies a further crack in their relationship. Pip resents the touch of sadness in the congratulations of Joe and Biddy. As he goes to bed, he is surprised that his good fortune makes him feel considerably lonely, â€Å"lost in the mazes of my future fortunes†¦ could not trace the paths we had trodden together†. A key emotion that deepens is illustrated. On Pip taking a last walk on the marshes, he dismisses the memory of the convict-thinking that he will never see him again, after all these years. He already starts acting like a snob, planning generous disdain towards the villagers. He even asks Biddy (Joe’s wife after the death of Mrs Joe) to improve Joe’s manners in order to fit him for a ‘higher sphere’. When Biddy answers that Joe has his own pride, Pip accuses her of envy. Pip’s snobbish demeanour results in his refusal to be seen with Joe, despite Joe being a continuous, stable and almost father like, loving figure to him. Pip leaves for London alone, but is seized with remorse on the coach † So subdued I was by those tears..I deliberated with an aching heart.† The reader has little sympathetic approach to see him feeling terrible. Joe and Biddy’s dignity contrasts with the behaviour of everyone else. Everyone else contains hopes to use Pip’s fortune for their own ends; demonstrations of artificial kindness/warmth towards him are made. Dickens lets us know that there are many people around who are quite selfishly on the pursuit for filling their own short comings, but there are also some people who aren’t. Lower class people are depicted ‘truly loving’. The last phrase in this chapter creates a stepping stone for the climax of the story. â€Å"The world lay spread before me†. This indicates that Pip is losing his innocence and is about to enter a world of sin. Pip’s division of mind’, is illustrated by rapid changes in mood; elation to resentment (‘I feel offended’) and condescension (‘handsomely forgiving her’). We are bought about to a sense that things may end with wistfulness and loneliness for Pip. In chapter 39 the narrative shows that Pip isn’t completely happy about the way his life has turned out.† I was alone and had the dull sense of being alone†. This shows that Pip’s pursuit of his ‘great expectations’ has led him to great loneliness. Pip is ‘dispirited and anxious’, he is still ‘long hoping’, and ‘long disappointed’. This suggests that he has some issues about what he has happened. Even though he has got the big opportunity to become a gentleman, his life still feels like there is a missing element, which he has been yearning for, for a long time-shown by the repetition of the word ‘long’, this could be love. The scene is set on a particularly ‘ferocious’, ‘gloomy’ stormy night. The weather is very unsettled. â€Å"It was wretched weather; stormy and wet; mud, mud, mud, deep in all the streets. Day after day†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Dickens uses repetition to emphasize the significance and effects of Magwitch’s resurface. Irony plays a major role here, compellingly helping to set the mood of the scene. Stormy weather/atmosphere is used to convey an artifice of uncertainty embarking around Pip, connecting first chapter. Pip’s feelings are expressed, throwing us back to the graveyard scene. Dramatic irony is finely tuned here preparing us for Magwitch’s much anticipated return. The lights have gone out, due to the bad weather. Dramatically this shows that Magwitch has arrived, and ironically he is about to ‘blow out the light of Pips life’-being a gentleman. Magwitch has come to meet Pip, he represents the voice from the ‘darkness beneath’ coming up. Pip can’t see Magwitch properly, and so does not know that it is him. The expression on the mysterious visitors face both puzzles and annoys Pip, he feels unsure about the person, but the man gives off the impression that he is happy to have met him.† In the instant I had seen a face that was strange to me, looking up with an incomprehensible air of being touched and pleased by the sight of me†. Pip resents the ‘bright and gratified recognition that still shone on his (strangers’) face†, he is weary of the ‘stranger’. He doesn’t want to respond to him and he shows this by inhospitably asking him questions, he thinks that he doesn’t know who he is. The description of ‘the strangers’ appearance is an indication from Dickens that shows that ironically this is Magwitch. Magwitch looks ‘substantially dressed, but roughly’, showing that although he has made a great deal of money, his old habits/ status have still stayed with him, his look ‘voyager by the sea’ indicates that this man has travelled far to get here, Magwitch came from Australia, where he was last taken. He is muscular, in particular ‘strong on his legs’, shows that he could runaway quite easily in spite of his age. Magwitch is ‘browned and hardened’ as a result of exposure to harsh weather and labour. His hair is ‘iron grey’; like irons that convicts would wear to prevent them from escaping. Dickens is trying to relate Magwitch to the realities of crime, to show Pip and both the reader that it was near impossible to shake of the image of crime, even if you had made a large fortune to show as well, at the time. The man’s actions are a clue that he is in fact Magwitch. He continually holds out both of Pip’s hands, which Pip ‘reluctantly gives’, ‘grasping them heartily’ and kisses them. This shows a relationship between them, although a large number of years since contact have passed. The narrative shows Pip’s reaction to be ‘a stupid kind of amazement’ towards the stranger holding out his hands to him. Pip is ‘half suspecting him to be mad’, and ‘wished him gone’, which shows the lack of affection that Pip feels towards a man who clearly shows him some. Dickens is carefully dripping in the truth for added affect. The dialogue explains how Pip recognises the ‘stranger’, (shaking his head with deliberate affection): â€Å"You’re a game one’†¦I’m glad you’ve grown up, a game one! But don’t catch hold of me. You’d be sorry afterwards to have done it†. Magwitch tells Pip that he shouldn’t try to stop him, last time Pip almost got into trouble for helping him. Magwitch just wants to meet Pip and then he will leave. The audience knows that the ‘stranger’ is Magwitch, where up until now Pip doesn’t. The dialogue and narrative proves, to everyone, that the man is Magwitch. He reveals news about his life in Australia. He lets us know how he made his fortune, through land and stock, especially the tough agricultural industry. He has been a stock farmer, a sheep farmer and ‘other trades beside’. Magwitch reveals, by hints, that he is Pip’s benefactor. He coyly pretends to ‘guess’ important facts about Pip and his coming of fortunes. â€Å"†¦income since you come of age†¦first figure, now. Five†¦ there ought to have been some guardian (while he was a minor) †¦the first letter of that lawyer’s name, now. Would it be J?† Pips’ reaction to the news comes as a blow to him; the moment of truth of his position is powerfully portrayed through the language, narrative, and description. â€Å"†¦its disappointments, dangers, disgraces, consequences of all kinds rushed in such multitude that I was borne down †¦ struggle to breath†. The effective use of descriptive alliteration and long sentence structure vividly highlights Pips overwhelming flight of emotions that come ‘flashing down’ upon him. He is especially disgusted as his hopes of being a gentleman have come crashing down, almost like a feeling reflected by the weather, ‘a vast heavy veil driving over’ him. His distress is exemplified by the fact that he deserted his loyal friend Joe for the life that the convict Magwitch has given.

Different Ways in Which Ted Hughes Portrays Nature in His Poems

Compare the different ways in which Ted Hughes portrays nature in his poems as well as themes and ideas, you should consider the poems techniques? Ted Hughes is an English poet who was inspired by nature at his homeland in Yorkshire and wrote countless poems on this topic. I have studied several poems (Thistles, The thought fox, the jaguar, the horses, Hawk roosting, Pike, and Ghost Crabs). Within these poems I am going to compare the ways and techniques in which Ted Hughes portrays nature using poetic technique and language.Firstly Ted Hughes Uses personification to portray human senses and appearances, In ‘Thistles’ it says ‘fighting back over the same ground’ and ‘spike the summer air’ . These quotes from the poem create imagery as if the thistles have actually come alive and are fighting. This is used to make the poem interesting to the reader. Secondly in ‘Hawk Roosting’ it says ‘Nothing has changed since I began ‘. This poem is written from the hawks perspective . This is done so we as humans can see and relate to what the character and feelings of the hawk are.The hawks’ thoughts portray its natural instincts in the wild, it says ‘I kill where I please because it is all mine’. This shows that Hawks are ruthless killing machines and think that they are top of the picking order. This technique brings the character alive and creates more satisfaction for the reader. Ted Hughes uses anthropomorphism which is writing from an animal’s perspective. This is only used in one of the poems I have studied called ‘hawk roosting’ . This technique is brilliant at portraying the natural characteristics of an animal.In Ted Hughes’ poem ‘The Horses’ he uses pathetic fallacy to alter the image of the animals. Ted Hughes writes ‘steaming and glistening under the flow of light’, this makes the horses seem Godly and magical. This technique c reates imagery therefore making the moment in the poem special and unique. In many of Ted Hughes’ poems he makes nature seem superior to us. For example in ‘Pike’ he says ‘stunned by their own grandeur’ and ’past nightfall I dared not to cast’. These lines create the illusion that pike are dangerous large hunting animals that even humans should be scared of.But all they are is small fish that eat smaller fish at the bottom of a pond. But yet they seem worse in the poem due to the way Ted Hughes has described them. Ted Hughes makes nature seem superior to us in ‘The Horses’ when he says ’steaming and glistening ‘and ‘with draped manes’ these lines make the horses seem magical and much better than us as they seem so pure and seem to have so much strength especially in the line ‘their hung heads as patient as the horizons’. This makes them seem like majestic statues standing there boldly and purely.

Internet Small Computer System Interface Essay

A heterogeneous network of both IP-based SAN’s and FCP-based SAN’s should be setup based on a standard naming convention in order to facilitate communication between the client applications and the SAN which stores information. The network architecture should ideally be setup using a naming convention which is simple and precise, whilst facilitating communication between all of the network resources. This technique is based on having a convention which links a variety of technologies together as well as other resources seen on a network. A heterogeneous network consists of various network nodes with various protocols and operating systems in operation together. In the case of a Storage Area Network (SAN), the various operating systems in use on the network need to be able to see the remote storage volumes as if they are locally attached, therefore speed is essential to the successful working of a SAN. The use of a descriptive naming convention is also important as it means problem identification can be made easier and helps to minimize operator errors on the network. There are a number of protocols in operation on every network, and the need for an efficient protocol for SAN use is paramount. The current options for running a SAN are to use standard TCP/IP protocols namely the Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) protocol, or to use a specific protocol called FCP which usually operates over bespoke fiber infrastructure. These protocols are different in the way they operate, however can in fact be used together to improve the performance of a SAN. A naming convention suitable for a TCP/IP based network is very different to a naming convention for an FCP based network. TCP/IP is a network protocol which is used for communication between resources on a standard LAN, however FCP is a protocol which sends SCSI commands via a fiber optic cable to remote storage devices. The iSCSI protocol allows various network storage resources to be identified and used over standard network protocols, which requires compliance with the standard network naming policy, yet which enables the specific nature of their operation to be identified. Naming conventions for the LAN and SCSI storage devices should comply with standard network naming conventions. The servers and iSCSI devices which operate on a network should be been named in compliance with a standard policy and should be unique on the switch fabric of the network. Standard SAN naming conventions should be created with a few factors in mind, each component should be named based on its physical location, what it connects to, which database it is used by, and another unique field of identification. Naming conventions are important because they can save administrators time and effort, and must be created whilst considering many factors. Initially there must be a system whereby network names are created centrally and uniquely so that duplicate records are not made. This naming approach must be consistent throughout the network, and it must be applied across the entire organization regardless of location or operation. This element of the naming convention helps to prevent the duplicity or confusion of network names and is required to enable a high performance network to operate. This issue is not so important when dealing with an FCP-based SAN, because the devices are connected by a separate network of fiber which cannot usually be accessed by resources on the standard network which do not use specific applications or databases. In conclusion the operation of a storage area network relies on speed and an efficient and effective naming system which is able to be managed, diagnosed and repaired where necessary in the simplest and most cost effective way possible. This must be done consistently when using the standard TCP/IP protocol, however specific FCP SAN protocol allows for a much simpler convention.

Management of Emotions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management of Emotions - Assignment Example The present research has identified that fine tune of communication with guaranteed attention for proper evaluation of the situations pertaining to operational activities ensures smooth administration of the individuals in the organisation without giving scope for interpersonal conflicts. As every organisation is a place for diversified distribution of people from various spheres of professional and emotional qualities, the managers are required to make an overview of their own emotions as a comparison with the emotions of others and manage them to be driven in a productive way. Leaders are expected to ask themselves how well their emotions are managed.   Stakeholders involving in a conflict are expectant of proper concern of the negotiator; therefore, the manager has to assess his level of efficiency in passing the message and learn tactics for improvement as necessary for the changing situations as well as the parties involved in a conflict.   Hence it is necessary for the lead er to develop certain principles of communication. According to Conflict Research Consortium (USA), managing emotions is possible if the speaker recognises the emotions, determines the sources of the conflict, talks about feeling of both parties, expresses feelings in a non-confrontational way, acknowledges the legitimacy of the opponents feelings, controls emotional outbursts, uses symbolic gestures and chooses a conflict resolution mechanism all in an appropriate manner relevant to the context. (â€Å"Managing strong emotions†). A clearly transparent and mutually interactive platform set by the speaker eventually helps in negotiating almost every dispute in an amicable way. Discerning employee emotions is an important affair for the leadership in the present trend of corporate business. The success of majority of present day managements is directly associated with their ability to work out better plans of emotional management. In my personal view, personal conflicts with an ascending tendency badly affect the functioning of the management. Lee identifies the five reasons for distinguishably ascertaining emotional conflicts as they affect intellectual capital, customer service, organisational representativeness, productivity and employee attention and retention. I assume that an assessment of emotional states of people is easy if they are carefully observed within and outside the organisational frame. According to Jaworski, â€Å"Simple examples of our pattern-discerning abilities include our ability to discern other people’s emotional states through facial and vocal expressions† (Jaworski, 332). As I observed from the formative behavior of the people as a relationship with their professional requirements, majority of the emotionally disturbed persons are consolidated with reckless or lackadaisical responses, frustrated movements and indifferent opinions. Most of their worries were related to esteem needs which required personal consolation and motivation. When I observe the change of expressions, I confirm the view that the opposite person requires a considerable amount of moderation and design a pattern to effectively address his complaints. Recently, I had and experience of emotional outbreak of a store manager at a team of supervisors of the production unit regarding their irresponsible nature toward wastage. The argument grew violent and it almost reached the stage of verbal abuse when the supervisors challenged to call for strike. What all I could do was to immediately talk to either party in my chamber and resolve the issue. The supervisors were